{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:18:36Z","timestamp":1772644716769,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"High Resolution Remote Sensing, Surveying and Mapping Application Demon-stration System (Phase II)","award":["42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System","award":["GFZX0404130302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GFZX0404130302"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51874278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51874278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Ziyuan3-01 (ZY3-01) satellite is China\u2019s first civilian stereo surveying and mapping satellite to meet the 1:50,000 scale mapping requirements, and has been operated in orbit for 10 years. The boresight misalignment of the three-line camera (TLC) is an essential factor affecting the geolocation accuracy, which is a principal concern for stereo mapping satellites. However, the relative relationships of TLC are often regarded as fixed for the same ground scene in most traditional geometric calibrations, without considering the on-orbit long-periodic changes. In this paper, we propose a long-periodic method to analyze and estimate the boresight misalignments between three cameras, with the attitude estimation of a nadir (NAD) camera as the benchmark. Offsets and drifts of the three cameras were calculated and calibrated with different compensation models using scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) points as the ground control. Ten simultaneous NAD\u2013Forward (FWD)\u2013Backward (BWD) imagery of the ZY3-01 satellite acquired from 2012 to 2020 were selected to verify the long-periodic changes in TLC boresight misalignments. The results indicate that the boresight alignment angles of ZY3-01 TLC are dynamic during the long-periodic flight, but the structure of TLC is stable for the misalignments of both FWD and BWD within only 7 arc seconds, which can provide a positive reference for subsequent satellite design and long-periodic on-orbit geometric calibration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1645994913000},"page":"1157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-Periodic Analysis of Boresight Misalignment of Ziyuan3-01 Three-Line Camera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"},{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5590-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0018-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenmin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Internet Applied Technology of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.08.013","article-title":"Multi-angle geometric processing for globally geo-located and co-registered MISR image data","volume":"107","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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