{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:57:17Z","timestamp":1783627037429,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019N5012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019N5012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology and Resource Optimization Construction Project","award":["PTJH17014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTJH17014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon caused by rapid urbanization has become an important global ecological and environmental problem that cannot be ignored. In this study, the UHI effect was quantified using Landsat 8 image inversion land surface temperatures (LSTs). With the spatial scale of street units in Fuzhou City, China, using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), we explored the spatial heterogeneities of the influencing factors and LST. The results indicated that, compared with traditional OLS models, GWR improved the model fit by considering spatial heterogeneity, whereas MGWR outperformed OLS and GWR in terms of goodness of fit by considering the effects of different bandwidths on LST. Building density (BD), normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), and the sky view factor (SVF) were important influences on elevated LST, while building height (BH), forest land percentage (Forest_per), and waterbody percentage (Water_per) were negatively correlated with LST. In addition, built-up percentage (Built_per) and population density (Pop_Den) showed significant spatial non-stationary characteristics. These findings suggest the need to consider spatial heterogeneity in analyses of impact factors. This study can be used to provide guidance on mitigation strategies for UHIs in different regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:40:02Z","timestamp":1646599202000},"page":"1266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Dominant Factors and Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Surface Temperatures in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Fuzhou, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunyong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wufa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resource Utilization in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350000, China"},{"name":"College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(73)90140-6","article-title":"City size and the urban heat island","volume":"7","author":"Oke","year":"1973","journal-title":"Atmos. 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