{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:33:47Z","timestamp":1780364027921,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu, China","award":["CX(21)3063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(21)3063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tiller are an important biological characteristic of wheat, a primary food crop. Accurate estimation of tiller number can help monitor wheat growth and is important in forecasting wheat yield. However, because of leaf cover and other factors, it is difficult to estimate tiller number and the accuracy of estimates based on vegetation indices is low. In this study, a gradual change feature was introduced to optimize traditional prediction models of wheat tiller number. Accuracy improved in optimized models, and model R2 values for three varieties of winter wheat were 0.7044, 0.7060, and 0.7357. The optimized models improved predictions of tiller number in whole wheat fields. Thus, compared with the traditional linear model, the addition of a gradual change feature greatly improved the accuracy of model predictions of wheat tiller number.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1646878235000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Estimation of Winter Wheat Tiller Number Based on Optimization of Gradient Vegetation Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low & Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhuang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9457-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxin","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.59","article-title":"Fruiting efficiency: An alternative trait to further rise wheat yield","volume":"4","author":"Slafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba5435","article-title":"Horizontal gene transfer of Fhb7 from fungus underlies Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat","volume":"368","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcl020","article-title":"Cessation of Tillering in Spring Wheat in Relation to Light Interception and Red: Far-red Ratio","volume":"97","author":"Jochem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. 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