{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T18:58:41Z","timestamp":1771527521782,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research on Sensor and Source Data News Ecological Engineering","award":["40004015202114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40004015202114"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) processes are tedious. Controlling such tedious processes requires extensive visualization and trustworthy decision-making strategies. Unfortunately, challenges still exist as existing technologies and practices can hardly achieve effective control of building O&amp;M processes. This study has established a method for achieving intelligent control of building O&amp;M processes by integrating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with Digital Twins (DTs) techniques. Specifically, GNSS could be used to capture real-time building information during building O&amp;M processes. Such captured real-time information realizes the intelligent closed-loop control of building O&amp;M driven by DTs. In this study, the authors have (1) captured the dynamic information required for achieving intelligent control of building O&amp;M processes, (2) established a DT model of building O&amp;M processes, (3) established a data management mechanism of intelligent building O&amp;M processes, and (4) formalized an intelligent building O&amp;M decision control platform. Finally, the authors have validated the proposed method using the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics venue as a case study. The three-dimensional coordinates of various building information are captured based on GNSS automatic monitoring system. This realizes the precise positioning of O&amp;M elements and feedbacks to the twin model of the venue. Through the intelligent analysis and prediction of O&amp;M information, the characteristics of various O&amp;M accidents are obtained. Finally, under the navigation function of GNSS, the processing measures are accurately formulated. Results indicate that the proposed GNSS\u2013DTs-based method could help to achieve intelligent control of large building O&amp;M processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"1387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intelligent Control of Building Operation and Maintenance Processes Based on Global Navigation Satellite System and Digital Twins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhansheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2440-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammadi, S., Tavakolan, M., and Zahraie, B. 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