{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:56:20Z","timestamp":1771638980743,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41905124, 42005064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41905124, 42005064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC0214604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0214604"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20190778, BK20190777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20190778, BK20190777"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ATM-0612605, AGS-1034858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ATM-0612605, AGS-1034858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"United States Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0006974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0006974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper analyzes the temperature, cloud type, and life stage dependencies of phase partitioning in mixed-phase clouds spanning tropics, midlatitudes, and the Arctic, using data from ground-based remote sensing measurements in Alaska and aircraft measurements from three field campaigns. The results show: (1) The liquid fraction in Arctic stratiform clouds decreased from 1 to 0.6 between 0 \u00b0C and \u221230 \u00b0C and was lower in spring because of the higher dust occurrence in Barrow, Alaska; (2) In wintertime orographic clouds, the liquid fraction was greater than 0.8; (3) Phase partitioning in convective clouds varied significantly with life stages. In the developing stage, it decreased from 1 to 0.3 between \u22125 \u00b0C and \u221215 \u00b0C, indicating rapid ice generation, while at the mature and dissipating stages, the liquid fractions were lower; (4) The stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems were dominated by ice, with liquid fractions lower than 0.2; and (5) The variability of phase partitioning varied for different cloud types. In stratiform clouds, liquid dominated at warm temperatures. As the temperature decreased, an ice-dominated region was more frequently observed, while the occurrence of the mixed-phase region remained low. For convective clouds, the variability of phase partitioning was controlled by continuous glaciation with decreasing temperature and life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1647468904000},"page":"1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cloud Type and Life Stage Dependency of Liquid\u2013Ice Mass Partitioning in Mixed-Phase Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200032, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Aerosol Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Zhien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.K., Tignor, M.M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.M. 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