{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T06:53:33Z","timestamp":1779000813494,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481B-2019-061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481B-2019-061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2020\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2020\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades - Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","award":["PID2019-105221RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105221RB-C43\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020","award":["769255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["769255"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sunlight conditions can reduce drivers\u2019 visibility, which is a safety concern on road networks. This research introduces a method to study sun glare incidence in road environments. Sun glare areas during daylight hours are automatically detected from mobile laser scanning (MLS) and aerial laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. The method comprises the following steps. First, the Sun\u2019s position (solar altitude and azimuth) referring to a location is calculated. Second, the incidence of sun glare with the user\u2019s angle of vision is analyzed based on human vision. Third, sun ray intersections with near obstacles (vegetation, building, etc.) are calculated utilizing MLS point clouds. Finally, intersections with distant obstacles (mountains) are calculated utilizing ALS point clouds. MLS and ALS data are processed in order to combine both data types, remove outliers, and optimize computational time for intersection searches (point density reduction and Delaunay triangulation). The method was tested on two real case studies, covering roads with different bearings, slopes, and surroundings. The combination of MLS and ALS data, together with the solar geometry, identify areas of risk for the visibility of drivers. Consequently, the proposed method can be utilized to reduce sun glare, implementing warnings in navigation systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1647812237000},"page":"1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection of Direct Sun Glare on Drivers from Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0381-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Collazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"del R\u00edo-Barral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3758-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Balado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5855-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Catalogue and Evolution of the Road Network (2022, March 17). 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