{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T02:09:16Z","timestamp":1773367756105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31060117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31060117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC050604-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC050604-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of extreme climate events has increased resulting in major changes to vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas. We selected 12 extreme climate indices and used trend analysis and multiple linear regression models to analyze extreme climate trends in steppe areas of Inner Mongolia and their impact on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). From 1998 to 2017, the NDVI of the Inner Mongolia steppe increased overall; however, there was a small area of decrease. Extreme climate indices related to warming exhibited increasing trends, particularly in the desert steppe. Although the extreme precipitation index did not change significantly overall, it increased in the northeastern and southwestern regions of the study area and decreased in the central region. The established model showed that the extreme climate explained the highest NDVI variation in desert steppe (R2 = 0.413), followed by typical steppe (R2 = 0.229), and meadow steppe (R2 = 0.109). In desert steppe, TX90P (warm days index) had the greatest impact; in typical steppe, R10 (number of heavy precipitation days index) had the greatest impact; in meadow steppe, R95P (very wet days index) had the greatest impact. This study offered new insights into dynamic vegetation changes in steppe areas of Inner Mongolia and provided a scientific basis for implementing environmental protection strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T23:30:23Z","timestamp":1647991823000},"page":"1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Impact of Extreme Climate on the NDVI of Different Steppe Areas in Inner Mongolia, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"},{"name":"Experimental Center for Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China"},{"name":"Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Dengkou 015200, China"}]},{"given":"Genbatu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Center for Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China"},{"name":"Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Dengkou 015200, China"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"given":"Liga","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"given":"Siqin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhai","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}]},{"given":"Luomeng","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03130","article-title":"Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland\u2019s Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier","volume":"432","author":"Joughin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0441-5","article-title":"Framing the way to relate climate extremes to climate change","volume":"115","author":"Trenberth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clim. 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