{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:51:06Z","timestamp":1767847866101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41775015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41775015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41630422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41630422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42105092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42105092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research","award":["2020B0301030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B0301030004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies","award":["2020B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060025"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2019A1515110791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515110791"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Team Plan of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau","award":["GRMCTD202003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRMCTD202003"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Meteorological Bureau","award":["GRMC2018M07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRMC2018M07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lidar ratio (LR) is a key parameter for the retrieval of atmospheric optical parameters from lidar equations. In this study, we simulated the optical parameters to investigate the impact factors of the LR using a three-component optical aerosol assumption based on the Mie model. The simulated LR was generally related to the overall particle size of the aerosols, the proportion of elemental carbon (EC), as well as aerosol mixing states and hygroscopicity. The LR was positively correlated with the particle size and volume fraction of elemental carbon (fEC). The LR increased more than three-fold with the increase in fEC from 0% to 40%. The LR of the core-shell (CS) mixing state and homogeneously internal (INT) mixing state was greater than that of the external (EXT) mixing state. The LR of all mixing states increased monotonically with hygroscopicity when the fEC was below 10%, while the LR of the core-shell mixing state (homogeneously internal mixing state) initially decreased (increased) and then increased (decreased) with increasing hygroscopicity when the fEC was more than 20%. These results will help in selecting a reasonable LR for practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1648073286000},"page":"1554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Aerosol Mixing State and Hygroscopicity on the Lidar Ratio"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of CMA, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of CMA, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baomin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology of CMA, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8005-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changxing","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pakwai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Observatory, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064034","article-title":"Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle","volume":"294","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(74)90004-3","article-title":"Pollution and the planetary albedo","volume":"8","author":"Twomey","year":"1974","journal-title":"Atmos. 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