{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T17:18:52Z","timestamp":1777828732854,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Grant No.XDA19070501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No.XDA19070501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001068, 41671075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001068, 41671075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS","award":["KFZD-SW-428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFZD-SW-428"]}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science","award":["SKLCS-OP-2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLCS-OP-2020-4"]}]},{"name":"Joint Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People\u2019s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan National Park","award":["LHZX-2020-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHZX-2020-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most studies attribute the glacier mass balance within High Mountain Asia (HMA) to climate change, ignoring the influence of its complex terrain. Knowledge of the influence of this complex terrain is crucial for understanding the spatial variability in its mass balance. However, there is a lack of any systematic assessment of this influence across HMA. Therefore, in this study, we used the glacier outlines and raster data (SRTM DEM, slope and aspect) to calculate the topographic shading of all 97,965 glaciers within HMA during the ablation period, which is regarded as a major index of the influence of complex terrain on the mass balance. The results showed that 27.19% of HMA glacier area was subjected to topographic shading, and regional differences were significant with respect to both their altitudinal and spatial distributions. The topographic shading contributed to the protection of the smallest glaciers from solar illumination. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the topographic shading and mass balance in these small north-facing glaciers. However, these small glaciers were most prevalent in the north-facing orientation, especially in West Kunlun, East Kunlun, Inner Tibet Plateau and Qilian Shan, where shading was found to increase with decreases in the glacier area. This indicates that complex terrain can affect the spatial distribution of the mass balance by altering the solar illumination pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1648164703000},"page":"1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Influence of Topographic Shading on the Mass Balance of the High Mountain Asia Glaciers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghui","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanqin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiudong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaojun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1643","article-title":"Asia\u2019s water balance","volume":"5","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0300-3","article-title":"A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth","volume":"12","author":"Farinotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1822-y","article-title":"Importance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers","volume":"577","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1240-1","article-title":"Asia\u2019s shrinking glaciers protect large populations from drought stress","volume":"569","author":"Pritchard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0305-3","article-title":"Importance of snow and glacier meltwater for agriculture on the Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"2","author":"Biemans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23073-4","article-title":"Health and sustainability of glaciers in High Mountain Asia","volume":"12","author":"Miles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2999","article-title":"A spatially resolved estimate of High Mountain Asia glacier mass balances from 2000 to 2016","volume":"10","author":"Brun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1580","article-title":"Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234532","article-title":"A Reconciled Estimate of Glacier Contributions to Sea Level Rise: 2003 to 2009","volume":"340","author":"Gardner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24180-y","article-title":"High Mountain Asian glacier response to climate revealed by multi-temporal satellite observations since the 1960s","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2513","article-title":"Substantial glacier mass loss in the Tien Shan over the past 50 years","volume":"8","author":"Farinotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2019.00363","article-title":"A systematic, regional assessment of High-Mountain Asia glacier mass balance","volume":"7","author":"Shean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0513-5","article-title":"Manifestations and mechanisms of the Karakoram glacier Anomaly","volume":"13","author":"Farinotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-018-0271-9","article-title":"Twenty-first century glacier slowdown driven by mass loss in High Mountain Asia","volume":"12","author":"Dehecq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23878","article-title":"Impact of a global temperature rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius on Asia\u2019s glaciers","volume":"549","author":"Kraaijenbrink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2269","article-title":"Snowfall less sensitive to warming in Karakoram than in Himalayas due to a unique seasonal cycle","volume":"7","author":"Kapnick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1068","article-title":"Spatially variable response of Himalayan glaciers to climate change affected by debris cover","volume":"4","author":"Scherler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215828","article-title":"The State and Fate of Himalayan Glaciers","volume":"336","author":"Bolch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JF004838","article-title":"Heterogeneous Influence of Glacier Morphology on the Mass Balance Variability in High Mountain Asia","volume":"124","author":"Brun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., Liu, S., Shangguan, D., Radi\u0107, V., and Zhang, Y. (2019). Spatial Heterogeneity in Glacier Mass-Balance Sensitivity across High Mountain Asia. Water, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/w11040776"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14256-5","article-title":"Contrasting glacier responses to recent climate change in high-mountain Asia","volume":"7","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3189\/172756407782871693","article-title":"Glacier changes in the west Kunlun Shan from 1970 to 2001 derived from Landsat TM\/ETM+ and Chinese glacier inventory data","volume":"46","author":"Shangguan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-6-1445-2012","article-title":"The footprint of Asian monsoon dynamics in the mass and energy balance of a Tibetan glacier","volume":"6","author":"Maussion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3189\/S0022143000030549","article-title":"A distributed surface energy-balance model for a small valley glacier. I. Development and testing for Haut Glacier d\u2019Arolla, Valais, Switzerland","volume":"42","author":"Arnold","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3189\/172756505781829566","article-title":"A distributed surface energy-balance model for complex topography and its application to Storglaciren, Sweden","volume":"51","author":"Hock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F0201","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JF000850","article-title":"Distributed energy balance modeling of South Cascade Glacier, Washington and assessment of model uncertainty","volume":"113","author":"Anslow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-010-3068-9","article-title":"A distributed surface energy and mass balance model and its application to a mountain glacier in China","volume":"55","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3189\/002214309789470851","article-title":"Topographic influences on recent changes of very small glaciers in the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, Canada","volume":"55","author":"DeBeer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"York, A. (2013). Comparing Geodetically Derived Mass Balances among Three Small Glaciers, South Coast Mountains, British Columbia. [Ph.D. Thesis, Northern Arizona University]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2005.07.009","article-title":"Local aspect asymmetry of mountain glaciation: A global survey of consistency of favoured directions for glacier numbers and altitudes","volume":"73","author":"Evans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Burrough, P.A., McDonnell, R.A., and Lloyd, C.D. (1998). Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3189\/S0022143000003087","article-title":"A distributed temperature-index ice- and snowmelt model including potential direct solar radiation","volume":"45","author":"Regine","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02885977","article-title":"Modification of solar radiation model over rugged terrain","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-13-29-2019","article-title":"Impacts of topographic shading on direct solar radiation for valley glaciers in complex topography","volume":"13","author":"Olson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Hock, R., and Tijm-Reijmer, C. (2012). A mass-balance, glacier runoff and mutli-layer snow model. Program Documentation and Users Manual, Utrecht University."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3189\/S0260305500012192","article-title":"Areal melt and discharge modelling of Storglaci\u00e4ren, Sweden","volume":"24","author":"Hock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31228-5","article-title":"The energy and mass balance of a continental glacier: Dongkemadi Glacier in central Tibetan Plateau","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Rgi, C., and Nosenko, G. (2017). Randolph Glacier Inventory(RGI)-A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines: Version6.0, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1592","article-title":"Climate change impacts on glaciers and runoff in Tien Shan (Central Asia)","volume":"2","author":"Sorg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3189\/2015JoG14J209","article-title":"The second Chinese glacier inventory: Data, methods and results","volume":"61","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3189\/2014JoG13J176","article-title":"The Randolph Glacier Inventory: A globally complete inventory of glaciers","volume":"60","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Jarvis, A., Reuter, H.I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E. (2022, February 01). Hole-Filled SRTM for the Globe Version 4. Available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m Database. Available online: http:\/\/srtm.csi.cgiar.org."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3189\/002214309789470950","article-title":"Spatially integrated geodetic glacier mass balance and its uncertainty based on geostatistical analysis: Application to the western Svartisen ice cap, Norway","volume":"55","author":"Rolstad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9837(200006)25:6<649::AID-ESP97>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"A spreadsheet-based (Microsoft Excel) point surface energy balance model for glacier and snow melt studies","volume":"25","author":"Brock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oke, T. (2002). Boundary Layer Climates, Routledge. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203407219"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-092X(78)90155-X","article-title":"Calculating the position of the sun","volume":"20","author":"Walraven","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-9-2071-2015","article-title":"Four decades of glacier variations at Muztagh Ata (eastern Pamir): A multi-sensor study including Hexagon KH-9 and Pl\u00e9iades data","volume":"9","author":"Holzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2018.16","article-title":"Reconstruction of the mass balance of Muztag Ata No. 15 glacier, eastern Pamir, and its climatic drivers","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02930866","article-title":"Weakening of Indian summer monsoon in recent decades","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-011-1161-7","article-title":"Deuterium excess record in a southern Tibetan ice core and its potential climatic implications","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0088(20001130)20:14<1729::AID-JOC556>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Climatic warming in the Tibetan plateau during recent decades","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-018-0030-z","article-title":"Does elevation-dependent warming hold true above 5000 m elevation? Lessons from the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"1","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.08.026","article-title":"Glacier mass balance and its potential impacts in the Altai Mountains over the period 1990\u20132011","volume":"553","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"D16104","article-title":"Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro","volume":"109","author":"Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/15230430.2002.12003519","article-title":"Energy balance of a glacier surface: Analysis of automatic weather station data from the Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland","volume":"34","author":"Oerlemans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, W., Guo, X., Yao, T., Yang, K., Zhao, L., Li, S., and Zhu, M. (2011). Summertime surface energy budget and ablation modeling in the ablation zone of a maritime Tibetan glacier. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 116.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JD015183"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1657\/1938-4246-44.3.296","article-title":"The Surface Energy Budget in the Accumulation Zone of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, in Summer 2009","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3189\/2013JoG12J152","article-title":"Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface, central Tibetan Plateau","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2017.82","article-title":"Effects of clouds on surface melting of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian Mountains, China","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-020-0615-0","article-title":"The state of rock debris covering Earth\u2019s glaciers","volume":"13","author":"Herreid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3189\/172756507781833956","article-title":"Glacier meltwater and runoff modelling, Keqicar Baqi glacier, southwestern Tien Shan, China","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3189\/2015JoG14J188","article-title":"Glacier runoff and its impact in a highly glacierized catchment in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Past and future trends","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"F01010","article-title":"Regional and global volumes of glaciers derived from statistical upscaling of glacier inventory data","volume":"115","author":"Hock","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg1737","article-title":"Insolation triggered abrupt weakening of Atlantic circulation at the end of interglacials","volume":"373","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/7\/1576\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1760136163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/7\/1576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14071576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14071576","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]}}}