{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:31:04Z","timestamp":1762608664245,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xin Ye","award":["No. 2018YFB0504600, No. 2018YFB0504603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018YFB0504600, No. 2018YFB0504603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Earth\u2019s radiation budget (ERB), measured at the top of the atmosphere (TOP), quantifies the radiation imbalance between the Earth\u2013atmosphere system and space. The ERB\u2019s measurement accuracy depends on the observation system\u2019s design and calibration technology. Fitting regional scanning data from polar satellite payloads is the most common way to obtain the global radiation budget. Additionally, the radiometers are calibrated by onboard stable radiation sources. We propose a new ERB radiometer operating at the Lagrange L1 point of the Earth\u2013Moon system, which has the characteristic of observing the Earth and Moon on a hemispheric spatial scale. Hence, earth-integrated radiation can be measured directly. Furthermore, the Moon is used as a natural source for on-orbit calibration, and the attenuation of the instrument is monitored and corrected through periodic observations. This paper presents the concept of the radiometer and focuses on the design and analysis of the radiometer\u2019s observation systems based on optical design and stray radiation suppression. The results show that the system has good imaging quality. The external stray radiation suppression reached an order of 10\u22128, and the thermal stray radiation can be eliminated by temperature control and compensation. The radiometer will provide long-term integrated ERB data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:29:36Z","timestamp":1648416576000},"page":"1596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Observation System Design and Analysis for a New Staring Earth Radiation Budget Radiometer Based on the Lagrange L1 Point of the Earth\u2013Moon System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5776-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Institute for advanced study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Arias, P., Bellouin, N., Coppola, E., Jones, R., Krinner, G., Marotzke, J., Naik, V., Palmer, M., Plattner, G.-K., and Rogelj, J. 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