{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:09:54Z","timestamp":1766178594909,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0202100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0202100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qian Xuesen Youth Innovation Fund of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group","award":["Y-KC-JT-QXS-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-KC-JT-QXS-014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41590852","42101413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590852","42101413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["QYZDY-SSW-DQC026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDY-SSW-DQC026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Observation angles are of great importance with respect to Earth observation platforms. The richness of angular combination, i.e., the combination of three observational angles (viewing zenith angle, solar zenith angle, and relative azimuth angle), is an important parameter to illustrate the angle sampling capability of an Earth observation platform. Here, the angular combination characteristics of a Moon-based platform were investigated and compared with existing artificial satellites. Furthermore, the effects of the time sampling interval on the angular combination characteristics were analyzed using a newly established angular combination number index (ACNI). Results show that a Moon-based platform can complement angular sampling observations from existing satellites. We found that the time sampling interval has different effects on the angular combination for different observed points. Accordingly, the Earth\u2019s surface can be divided into two zones with respect to its sensitivity to the time sampling interval. When the time sampling interval increased from 10 min to 2 h, the maximum loss of the angular combination reached 50% for the observed points in the mid\u2013low latitude zone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1648590351000},"page":"1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of the Time Sampling Interval on the Angular Combination Characteristics of Moon-Based Earth Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hairong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengxiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4592-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanlin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space and Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.08.007","article-title":"An empirical anisotropy correction model for estimating land surface albedo for radiation budget studies","volume":"113","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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