{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T07:01:09Z","timestamp":1775890869656,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2111-M-008-022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2111-M-008-022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Asian\u2013Australian Monsoon (AAM), the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have been known to induce variability in ocean surface characteristics along the southern coast of Lesser Sunda Island (LSI). However, previous studies used low spatial resolution data and little Ekman dynamics analysis. This study aims to investigate the direct influence of AAM winds on ocean surface conditions and to determine how ENSO and IOD affect the ocean surface and depth with higher spatial resolution data. In addition, the variability in Ekman dynamics is also described along with the inconsistent relationship between wind and sea surface temperature (SST) in four different areas. The results indicate that persistent southeasterly winds are likely to induce low SST and chlorophyll-a blooms. Based on the interannual variability, the positive chlorophyll-a (up to 0.5 mg m\u22123) and negative SST (reaching \u22121.5 \u00b0C) anomalies observed in the El Nino of 2015 coincide with +IOD, which also corroborates positive wind stress and Ekman Mass Transport (EMT) anomalies. In contrast, the La Nina of 2010 coincides with -IOD, and positive SST and negative chlorophyll-a anomalies (more than 1.5 \u00b0C and \u22120.5 mg m\u22123 respectively) were observed. Furthermore, we found that southern coast of Java and Bali Island have a different generated mechanism that controls SST variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Monsoon Effects on Chlorophyll-a, Sea Surface Temperature, and Ekman Dynamics Variability along the Southern Coast of Lesser Sunda Islands and Its Relation to ENSO and IOD Based on Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7047-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Febryanto","family":"Simanjuntak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malikul Saleh Meteorological Station, The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG), Jl. Bandara Malikussaleh, Muara Batu, Aceh Utara 24355, Indonesia"},{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1045-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tang-Huang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setyohadi, D., Zakiyah, U., Sambah, A.B., and Wijaya, A. (2021). Upwelling Impact on Sardinella lemuru during the Indian Ocean Dipole in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. Fishes, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes6010008"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-018-1342-x","article-title":"Phytoplankton pigment pattern in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the South Java coastal upwelling system, Indonesia","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-018-1283-4","article-title":"Phytoplankton changes during SE monsoonal period in the Lembeh Strait of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 2012 to 2015","volume":"37","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2003.10.003","article-title":"Investigation of different coastal processes in Indonesian waters using SeaWiFS data","volume":"51","author":"Hendiarti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Deep. Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"82","article-title":"Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Cholophyll-a and Abundance of Pelagic Fish in Lampung Bay, Southern Coastal Area of Sumatra, Indonesia","volume":"34","author":"Sachoemar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coast. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.14203\/mri.v37i2.25","article-title":"Variability of Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a, Temperature and Fish Catch within Indonesian Region Revealed by Satellite Data","volume":"37","author":"Sachoemar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Res. Indones."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedland, K.D., Stock, C., Drinkwater, K.F., Link, J.S., Leaf, R.T., Shank, B.V., Rose, J.M., Pilskaln, C.H., and Fogarty, M.J. (2012). Pathways between Primary Production and Fisheries Yields of Large Marine Ecosystems. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028945"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00133","article-title":"Impact of El Ni\u00f1o Variability on Oceanic Phytoplankton","volume":"4","author":"Racault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zainuddin, M., Farhum, A., Safruddin, S., Selamat, M.B., Sudirman, S., Nurdin, N., Syamsuddin, M., Ridwan, M., and Saitoh, S.-I. (2017). Detection of Pelagic Habitat Hotspots for Skipjack Tuna in the Gulf of Bone-Flores Sea, Southwestern Coral Triangle Tuna, Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185601"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04004","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20187304004","article-title":"Variability Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature as the Fishing Ground Basis of Mackerel Fish in the Arafura Sea","volume":"73","author":"Welliken","year":"2018","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12601-013-0004-3","article-title":"Upwelling Variability along the Southern Coast of Bali and in Nusa Tenggara","volume":"48","author":"Ningsih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3755\/galaxea.11.91","article-title":"Delineating the Coral Triangle","volume":"11","author":"Veron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Galaxea J. Coral Reef Stud."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reef Fishes of the East Indies","volume":"Volume I\u2013III","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tropical Reef Research"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Maarif, M.S. (2021, February 25). Declaration of Savu Sea Marine National Parkmand the Achievement of 10 Million Hectares of Marine Protectedmarea in Indonesia. Available online: http:\/\/surajis.multiply.com\/journal\/item\/75."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"97","article-title":"Potential and utilization rate of fish resources in the Indonesian state fisheries management area (WPP NKRI) year 2015 as well as its management","volume":"8","author":"Suman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indones. Fish. Policy J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2018.04.018","article-title":"Reinventing papadak\/hoholok as a traditional management system of marine resources in Rote Ndao, Indonesia","volume":"161","author":"Oktavia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"209","article-title":"Safruddin, Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) catches in relation to chlorophyll-a front in bone gulf during the southeast monsoon","volume":"12","author":"Hidayat","year":"2019","journal-title":"AACL Bioflux"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Syamsuddin, M., and Najamuddin, A.S. (2009). Development Analysis of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis Linneus) Sustainable in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hasanudin University]."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"253","article-title":"Oceanographic phenomenon in the Savu sea to determine the potential of high economic pelagic fish resources","volume":"1","author":"Wijaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceed. XVI Annu. Sci. Meet. Indones. Geogr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"15","article-title":"Oceanography of the Indonesian seas and their throughflow","volume":"18","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2011.2163926","article-title":"Satellite detection of summer chlorophyll-a bloom in the gulf of tomini","volume":"4","author":"Setiawan","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GC001009","article-title":"Ocean color variability in the Indonesian Seas during the SeaWiFS era","volume":"7","author":"Susanto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"195","article-title":"Physical oceanography of the southeast asian waters. Scientific results of marine investigation of the south China sea and the gulf of Thailand 1959\u20131961","volume":"2","author":"Wyrtki","year":"1961","journal-title":"Phys. Oceanogr. Southeast Asian Waters Naga Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1209","article-title":"Glacial to Holocene swings of the Australian\u2013Indonesian monsoon","volume":"4","author":"Mohtadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-018-4003-7","article-title":"Indonesian rainfall variability during Western North Pacific and Australian monsoon phase related to convectively coupled equatorial waves","volume":"11","author":"Pramuwardani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo605","article-title":"Increasing Australian-Indonesian Monsoon Rainfall Linked to Early Holocene Sea-level Rise","volume":"2","author":"Griffiths","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B. (2006). The Asian Winter Monsoon. The Asian Monsoon, Springer. Springer Praxis Books.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-37722-0"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-3257.1","article-title":"Annual Cycle of Southeast Asia-Maritime Continent Rainfall and the Asymmetric Monsoon Transition","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7101","article-title":"Seasonal Distribution and Variability of Surface Winds in the Indonesian Seas Using Scatterometer and Reanalysis Data","volume":"41","author":"Alidini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011844","article-title":"Upwelling along the coasts of Java and Sumatra and its relation to ENSO","volume":"28","author":"Susanto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/43854","article-title":"A Dipole mode in the tropical indain ocean","volume":"401","author":"Saji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dynatmoce.2010.02.006","article-title":"Direct evidence of the south Java current system in ombai strait","volume":"50","author":"Sprintall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dyn. Atmos. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1982)110<0354:VITSST>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation\/El Ni\u00f1o","volume":"110","author":"Rasmusson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"811","article-title":"An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO","volume":"54","author":"Jin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Part I Concept. Model J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1996)009<2036:TROTBI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The role of the \u201catmospheric bridge\u201d in linking tropical Pacific ENSO events to extratropical SST anomalies","volume":"9","author":"Lau","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14291","DOI":"10.1029\/97JC01444","article-title":"Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures","volume":"103","author":"Trenberth","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-012-1281-x","article-title":"Estimates of potential new production in the Java-Sumatra upwelling system","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.5721\/EuJRS20154826","article-title":"Variability of satellite-derived sea surface height anomaly, and its relationship with Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) catch in the Eastern Indian Ocean","volume":"48","author":"Leben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2017.04.011","article-title":"Biogeochemical and ecological impacts of boundary currents in the Indian Ocean","volume":"156","author":"Hood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1641244","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Halmahera Sea and its relation to ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole","volume":"41","author":"Setiawan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2019.2948385","article-title":"The Influence of Seasonal and Interannual Variability on Surface Chlorophyll-a Off the Western Lesser Sunda Islands","volume":"12","author":"Setiawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5513","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2017.2745207","article-title":"The Effect of ENSO on the Variability of Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature in the Maluku Sea","volume":"10","author":"Wirasatriya","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1175\/JPO-D-15-0117.1","article-title":"Interannual Variability of Equatorial Eastern Indian Ocean Upwelling: Local versus Remote Forcing","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1637962","article-title":"Surface chlorophyll-a variations in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean during various types of the positive Indian Ocean Dipole events","volume":"41","author":"Sari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24937","DOI":"10.1029\/98JC02160","article-title":"Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms for SeaWiFS","volume":"103","author":"Maritorena","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Brown, O.B., and Minnett, P.J. (2021, February 25). MODIS Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Available online: http:\/\/modis.gsfc.nasa.gov\/data\/atbd\/atbd_mod25.pdf."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Verhoef, A., and Stoffelen, A. (2021, February 25). ASCAT Coastal Winds Validation Report, v1.5, May Technical Note SAF\/OSI\/CDOP\/KNMI\/TEC\/RP\/176. Available online: http:\/\/projects.knmi.nl\/scatterometer\/publications\/pdf\/ASCAT_validation_coa.pdf."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Argo (2021, February 25). Argo Float Data and Metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC). SEANOE. Available online: https:\/\/www.seanoe.org\/data\/00311\/42182\/."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Mishonov, A.V. (2021, February 25). World Ocean Database 2018, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-04\/wod_intro_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Fernandez, E., and Lellouche, J.M. (2018). Product User Manual for the Global Ocean Reanalysis Products GLOBAL-REANALYSIS-PHY-001-030, Marine Copernicus EU."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"C12003","article-title":"Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology","volume":"109","author":"Madec","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WAMDI Group (1988). The WAM Model: A Third Generation Ocean Wave Prediction Model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 1775\u20131810.","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1988)018<1775:TWMTGO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2013.09.020","article-title":"Phytoplankton Patchiness during Spring Intermonsoon in Western Coast of South China Sea","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. II"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Stewart, R.H. (2008). Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Texas A & M University."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"UNESCO (1981). Tenth Report of the Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards, UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2005.05","article-title":"Temperature and Its Variability in the Indonesian Region","volume":"18","author":"Qu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802372309","article-title":"Chlorophyll-a Bloom along the Southern Coasts of Java and Sumatra during 2006","volume":"30","author":"Iskandar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2010.2094604","article-title":"Summertime Phytoplankton Bloom in the South Sulawesi Sea","volume":"4","author":"Setiawan","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012063","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/116\/1\/012063","article-title":"Effect of ENSO on the Variability of SST and Chlorophyll-a in Java Sea","volume":"116","author":"Wirasatriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"434","article-title":"Heat Flux Aspects on the Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Java Sea","volume":"25","author":"Wirasatriya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Environ. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8475","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2020.1797215","article-title":"Ekman dynamics variability along the southern coast of Java revealed by satellite data","volume":"41","author":"Wirasatriya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2019.01.004","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation in chlorophyll a concentration in the Eastern China Seas based on a locally modified satellite dataset. Estuar","volume":"220","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coast Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"127","article-title":"The advantages of the application of Fishing ground Tuna in Upwelling location with the help of daily satellite imagery","volume":"13","author":"Kunarso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indones. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2019.04.007","article-title":"Physical factors influencing phytoplankton abundance in southern Monterey Bay","volume":"180","author":"Manzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continent. Shelf Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2010.09.002","article-title":"Variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and the impact on Sardinella lemuru catches in Bali Strait, Indonesia","volume":"87","author":"Sartimbul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"100483","article-title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature and wind speed using aqua-modis satellite imagery over the Savu Sea, Indonesia","volume":"22","author":"Muskananfola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-018-0475-z","article-title":"Coastal Upwelling Events along the Southern Coast of Java during the 2008 Positive Indian Ocean Dipole","volume":"74","author":"Horii","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/7\/1682\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:47:42Z","timestamp":1760136462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/7\/1682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14071682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14071682","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}}}