{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:28:17Z","timestamp":1773415697604,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52101394, 41920104006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52101394, 41920104006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["JZ2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2001"]}]},{"name":"Project of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography","award":["SOEDZZ2106, SOEDZZ2207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOEDZZ2106, SOEDZZ2207"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Group Project of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laborato-ry, Zhuhai","award":["311020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311020004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The first coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) experiment site of the Neko-Seto Channel was revisited to elucidate the propagation and generation characteristics of the M2 and M4 tidal currents with a second CAT experiment, which was conducted from 3\u20136 April 2018 (local time). Two-dimensional flow fields of the M2 and M4 tidal currents and the residual current were reconstructed using a coast-fitting inversion model with the reciprocal travel-time data of five acoustic stations. The M2 tidal current is a progressive-type wave that propagates eastward at a speed of 0.7 ms\u22121, much slower than expected for free progressive tides in this region (19 ms\u22121). The M4 nonlinear current constructed an out-of-phase relationship between the western and eastern halves of the tomography domain, implying the generation of standing-type waves. Such nonlinear processes led to flood- and ebb-dominant tidal current asymmetries for the western and eastern halves of the model domain, respectively. The two-day mean residual currents constructed a northeastward current with a maximum speed of 0.3 ms\u22121 in the western half of the model domain and a clockwise rotation in the eastern half. The averaged inversion errors were 0.03 ms\u22121, significantly smaller than the amplitude of the aforementioned currents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Coastal Acoustic Tomography of the Neko-Seto Channel with a Focus on the Generation of Nonlinear Tidal Currents\u2014Revisiting the First Experiment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Minmo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Aruni Dinan","family":"Hanifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan"}]},{"given":"Naokazu","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4403-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemi","family":"Mutsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8598-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-6147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Chuanzheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6128-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arata","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(85)90097-6","article-title":"A study of non-linear tidal propagation in shallow inlet\/estuarine systems Part II: Theory","volume":"21","author":"Speer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Estuarine Coast. 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