{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:02:04Z","timestamp":1760151724832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Fund for Research on National Major Research 252 Instruments","award":["31727901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31727901"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071045","61625103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071045","61625103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The tone reservation (TR) approach is mainly adopted to reduce the peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform with low TR ratio (TRR) in classic 4G communication systems. However, for the OFDM integrated radar and communication waveform, high TRR is necessary to simultaneously maintain the radar detection performance as well as communication performance. For cases with high TRR, the traditional waveform optimization algorithms have low execution efficiency and a poor PMEPR convergence level, and thus a new algorithm is needed. This paper proposes a new PMEPR optimization algorithm based on conjugate gradient. Firstly, by introducing the concept of Lp-norm, the PMEPR of the OFDM waveform is accurately remodeled as the objective function of the waveform optimization problem. Secondly, the conjugate gradient of the objective function is analytically derived to form the basis of the efficient PMEPR optimization. Finally, a PMEPR optimization algorithm based on the Polak\u2013Ribi\u00e8re\u2013Polyak (PRP) conjugate gradient is proposed. The simulation results verified the proposed algorithm in terms of optimization efficiency, as well as convergence level, and the initial experimental results suggested the practicality of the proposed algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T06:04:01Z","timestamp":1648965841000},"page":"1715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High-Efficiency Optimization Algorithm of PMEPR for OFDM Integrated Radar and Communication Waveform Based on Conjugate Gradient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Feifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2483485","article-title":"Inner bounds on performance of radar and communications co-existence","volume":"64","author":"Chiriyath","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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