{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T03:33:29Z","timestamp":1768707209993,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Special Project","award":["2020ZD0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZD0020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a unique ecosystem with multiple ecological functions but high fragility, grassland in arid areas is very vulnerable to changes in the natural environment or human activities, resulting in various ecological and environmental problems. In order to study the degree and spatial extent of the influence of climatic conditions and human activities, especially mining activities, on grasslands in arid regions, we used remote sensing data to monitor the vegetation of the Xilin Gol grassland over a long period. The significant greening and browning areas of Xilin Gol grassland vegetation from 2000 to 2020 were extracted by a time series analysis. At the same time, the correlation analysis method was used to obtain the response of the Xilin Gol grassland vegetation to climatic factors and social and economic factors. In addition, we propose a new method based on buffer analysis and correlation analysis to calculate the influence range of vegetation degradation due to mining. We used this method to determine the influence range of vegetation degradation in the main mining area of the Xilin Gol grassland. The results showed that the vegetation condition of the Xilin Gol grassland were slightly improved from 2000 to 2020. Its vegetation was significantly affected by precipitation, and more than 50% of the area\u2019s vegetation changes were highly correlated with precipitation changes. However, the area with the most serious vegetation degradation was mainly affected by human factors, and this part accounted for about 0.13% of the total area. In the form of direct damage and indirect effects (pulling population and economic growth to expand built-up areas), coal mining has become the main driving factor in the most significant areas of vegetation damage in the study area. Vegetation coverage in areas with significant greening and significant browning was highly correlated with economic factors, indicating that the vegetation changes were significantly affected by economic development. This study can reflect the vegetation changes and main driving factors in the overall and key areas of the Xilin Gol League and is a meaningful reference for the local balance of economic development and environmental protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14071765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T21:08:22Z","timestamp":1649365702000},"page":"1765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Spatial Pattern of Greening and Browning in Xilin Gol Grassland and Its Response to Climate and Human Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Zanxu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Baoying","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongke","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China"},{"name":"Technology Innovation Center of Ecological Restoration Engineering in Mining Area, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2021.105734","article-title":"Social interaction effect of rotational grazing and its policy implications for sustainable use of grassland: Evidence from pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, China","volume":"111","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0","article-title":"The value of the world\u2019s ecosystem services and natural capital","volume":"387","author":"Costanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e01991","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variation of net primary productivity and its response to drought in Inner Mongolian desert steppe","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. 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