{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1773713427718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41807159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41807159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Warming in mountainous areas has obvious elevation dependence (warming rate increases with elevation), which deeply impacts runoff change in mountainous areas. This study analysed the influence of elevation-dependent warming on runoff in the headwater region of the Urumqi River Basin (URB) based on meteorological data, remote sensing images, and runoff data. Results indicated a significant warming rate in the URB from 1960 to 2019 (0.362 \u00b0C\/decade; p &lt; 0.01). The temperature increased with an obvious elevation-dependent warming in the URB, especially during winter. Glaciers sharply retreated in the headwater region of the URB under regional warming, and remote-based results showed that glacier areas decreased by 29.45 km2 (\u221257.81%) from the 1960s to 2017. The response of glacier mass balance and meltwater runoff to temperature change has a lag of 3 years in the headwater region of the URB. The elevation-dependent warming of temperature changes significantly impacted glacial meltwater runoff in the URB (R2 = 0.49). Rising temperatures altered the glacial meltwater runoff, and the maximum annual runoff of the Urumqi Glacier No. 1 meltwater runoff increased 78.6% in 1990\u20132017 compared to 1960\u20131990. During the period of 1960\u20131996, the total glacial meltwater runoff amounted to 26.9 \u00d7 108 m3, accounting for 33.4% of the total runoff during this period, whereas the total glacial meltwater runoff accounted for 51.1% of the total runoff in 1996\u20132006. Therefore, these results provide a useful reference for exploring runoff changes in mountainous watersheds in the context of elevation-dependent warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14081780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T21:08:22Z","timestamp":1649365702000},"page":"1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of Elevation-Dependent Warming on Runoff Changes in the Headwater Region of Urumqi River Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhouyao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9957-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Tien Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Tien Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1934-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meibing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-2930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water and Environment, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Alexander, L., Allen, S., and Bindoff, N.L. (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis\u2014Summary for Policymakers, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1191\/0309133306pp478ra","article-title":"The status of research on glaciers and global glacier recession: A review","volume":"30","author":"Barry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01074-x","article-title":"Climate change decisive for Asia\u2019s snow meltwater supply","volume":"11","author":"Kraaijenbrink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"157","article-title":"Response of permafrost to climate change in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"432","article-title":"Study on the impact of land use\/land cover change on soil erosion in mountainous areas","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024458411589","article-title":"Climatic change in mountain regions: A review of possible impacts","volume":"59","author":"Beniston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7813","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00832.1","article-title":"Future changes in northern hemisphere snowfall","volume":"26","author":"Krasting","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.05.042","article-title":"Investigating spatiotemporal snow cover variability via cloud-free MODIS snow cover product in Central Alborz Region","volume":"202","author":"Dariane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2012.03.008","article-title":"Response of debris-covered glaciers in the Mount Everest region to recent warming, and implications for outburst flood hazards","volume":"114","author":"Benn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2237","article-title":"Consistent increase in High Asia\u2019s runoff due to increasing glacier melt and precipitation","volume":"4","author":"Lutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01654-3","article-title":"Exploring sustainable solutions for the water environment in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities","volume":"51","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2563","article-title":"Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world","volume":"5","author":"Pepin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011871","article-title":"Mean annual temperature trends and their vertical structure in the tropical Andes","volume":"27","author":"Vuille","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00871739","article-title":"Regional behavior of minimum temperatures in Switzerland for the period 1979\u20131993","volume":"53","author":"Beniston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-17-0321.1","article-title":"The character and causes of elevation-dependent warming in high-resolution simulations of rocky mountain climate change","volume":"31","author":"Minder","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-19-0405.1","article-title":"Evidence for elevation-dependent warming in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada","volume":"33","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2016.11.006","article-title":"Influences of recent climate change and human activities on water storage variations in Central Asia","volume":"544","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD029798","article-title":"An examination of temperature trends at high elevations across the Tibetan plateau: The use of MODIS LST to understand patterns of elevation-dependent warming","volume":"124","author":"Pepin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2015.09.015","article-title":"Climate change with elevation and its potential impact on water resources in the Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia","volume":"135","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Planet Change"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-15-5765-2021","article-title":"Evidence of elevation-dependent warming from the Chinese Tian Shan","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"333","article-title":"Estimation of the water resources affected by climatic warming and glacier shrinkage before 2050 in West China","volume":"23","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"3","article-title":"The contemporary glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"189","article-title":"The variation trends of temperature and precipitation and their influence on glaciers in the headwaters of the Urumqi River","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Research on the changes of the Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tianshan Mountains based on multi-source remote sensing data","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coldregions.2017.10.008","article-title":"Long-term change in ice velocity of Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tian Shan, China","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Reg. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/eco.1272","article-title":"Rapid shrinkage and hydrological response of a typical continental glacier in the arid region of northwest China\u2014Taking Urumqi Glacier No.1 as an example","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecohydrology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4621-x","article-title":"Changes in physical features of Glacier No. 1 of the Tianshan Mountains in response to climate change","volume":"56","author":"XiangYing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Li, X. (2000). Urumqi River Basin Journal, Xinjiang People\u2019s Publishing House."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"179","article-title":"Urumqi River water resources evaluation study","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Conserv. Sci. Technol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"703","article-title":"Impact of climate change on water resources of the \u00dcr\u00fcqi River basin","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, Y., Li, Z., Jin, S., Xu, C., Deng, H., and Zhang, M. (2020). Runoff changes from Urumqi Glacier No. 1 over the past 60 years, Eastern Tianshan, Central Asia. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12051286"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-013-2677-6","article-title":"Recent changes occurred in the terminus of the Debriscovered Bilafond Glacier in the Karakoram Himalayas using remotely sensed images and digital elevation models (1978\u20132011)","volume":"11","author":"Veettil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"42","article-title":"Using in situ spectra to explore Landsat classification of glacier surfaces","volume":"27","author":"Pope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"765","article-title":"Monitoring recent surging of the Yulinchuan Glacier on North Slopes of Muztag Range by remote sensing","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00134-2","article-title":"Consideration of the errors inherent in mapping historical glacier positions in Austria from the ground and space (1893\u20132001)","volume":"86","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3189\/172756503781830926","article-title":"Glacier changes since the Little Ice Age maximum in the western Qilian Shan, northwest China, and consequences of glacier runoff for water supply","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(01)00514-5","article-title":"Detection of hydrologic trends and variability","volume":"255","author":"Burn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1968.10480934","article-title":"Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall\u2019s Tau","volume":"63","author":"Sen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Publ. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Chinese atmospheric science research since the founding of New China 70 years ago: Climate and climate change Climate Change","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Sin.-Terrae"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1845","article-title":"Characteristics of warming hiatus of the climate change in Northwest China from 1960 to 2019","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Alexander, L., Allen, S., Bindoff, N., Breon, F.-M., Church, J., Cubasch, U., Emori, S., Forster, P., Friedlingstein, P., and Gillett, N. (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis, in contribution of Working Group I (WGI) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"5846","article-title":"Spatio-temporal change of precipitation in arid region of the Northwest China","volume":"35","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024012","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab6d7f","article-title":"Does elevation dependent warming exist in high mountain Asia?","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.12.007","article-title":"Detection of spatio-temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation based on long-term meteorological station observations over Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia","volume":"203","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"243","article-title":"Regional difference and catastrophe of climate change over Urumqi River Basin","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2017.01.005","article-title":"Assessing linkages between spatial facies changes and dimensional variations of glaciers in the upper Indus Basin, western Himalaya","volume":"284","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Shi, Y. (2005). Concise Catalogue of Chinese Glaciers, Shanghai Popular Science Press."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"946","article-title":"Advances in research on changes and effects of glaciers in Xinjiang mountains","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Water Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"55","article-title":"A study of glacier changes and their runoff effects in the Northwest Arid Zone","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. China Ser. D"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"38","article-title":"Response of glacier area variation to climate change in Chinese Tianshan Mountains in the past 50 years","volume":"66","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"103","article-title":"Response of valley glaciers in various size and their runoff to climate change","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-018-4094-1","article-title":"Glacier changes and its effect on water resources in Urumqi River Basin, Tianshan Mountains, China, from 1964 to 2014","volume":"11","author":"Huai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s12040-015-0541-5","article-title":"Change in glacier area and thickness in the Tomur Peak, western Chinese Tien Shan over the past four decades","volume":"124","author":"Baojuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-019-1640-z","article-title":"Glacier changes from 1975 to 2016 in the Aksu River Basin, Central Tianshan Mountains","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-018-5198-5","article-title":"Glacier extent changes and possible causes in the Hala Lake Basin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mt. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3189\/2016AoG71A005","article-title":"Glacier change in the Karatal river basin, Zhetysu (Dzhungar) Alatau, Kazakhstan","volume":"57","author":"Kaldybayev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1657\/AAAR0015-032","article-title":"Glacier shrinkage in the Chinese Tien Shan Mountains from 1959\/1972 to 2010\/2012","volume":"49","author":"Baojuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y. (2020). Glacier changes and their linkage to the climate-topographic context in the Borohoro Mountains, Tian Shan 1977\u20132018. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12051502"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"2478","article-title":"Characteristics of glacial change and climatic warming and drying in the Central Himalayas","volume":"48","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"242","article-title":"Mountain glacier fluctuations and climatic change during the last 100 years","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1071-0","article-title":"Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016","volume":"568","author":"Zemp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2015.00054","article-title":"A new model for global glacier change and sea-level rise","volume":"3","author":"Huss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-6-1295-2012","article-title":"Past and future sea-level change from the surface mass balance of glaciers","volume":"6","author":"Marzeion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0300-3","article-title":"A consensus estimate for the ice thickness distribution of all glaciers on Earth","volume":"12","author":"Farinotti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-017-0049-x","article-title":"Global-scale hydrological response to future glacier mass loss","volume":"8","author":"Huss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"457","article-title":"Glacial runoff in China: An evaluation and prediction for the future 50 years","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"655","article-title":"Increasing runoff in the \u00dcr\u00fcqi River Basin since 1980s","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Glaciol. Geocryol."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/8\/1780\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:49:58Z","timestamp":1760136598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/8\/1780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14081780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14081780","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]}}}