{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T03:03:21Z","timestamp":1760151801814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0017\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0017\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article presents the results of satellite railway track position measurements performed by a multidisciplinary research team, the members of which represented Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University. Measuring methods are described which were used for reconstructing the railway track axis position and diagnosing railway track geometry deformations. As well as that, the description of the novel method developed by the authors to perform mobile GNSS measurements is included. The reported research aimed at assessing the uncertainty of railway track axis reconstruction making use of the dynamic GNSS method. To assess the applicability of this method, the obtained results were compared with those from the stationary measurement method used in railway business. The data used for comparison was recorded on the same railway track section during several measurement campaigns. In these campaigns, different types of GNSSs with different position recording frequencies (1\u2013100 Hz) were used at different measurement speeds (5\u201370 km\/h). The performed analysis has shown that the accuracy of railway track axis reconstruction making use of mobile GNSS measurements is sufficient for using this methodology in railway business.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14081855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1649803725000},"page":"1855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Verification of Satellite Railway Track Position Measurements Making Use of Standard Coordinate Determination Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Szmagli\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4619-7852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W\u0142adys\u0142aw","family":"Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1662-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Karwowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Chrostowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Skibicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Grulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Judek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"given":"Roksana","family":"Licow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6201-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Makowska-Jarosik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Michna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9894-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Widerski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brtnick\u00fd, M., Pecina, V., Baltaz\u00e1r, T., Galiov\u00e1, M.V., Bal\u00e1kov\u00e1, L., Bes, A., and Radziemska, M. 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