{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:26:18Z","timestamp":1766049978953,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NM0018D0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NM0018D0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radio Doppler measurements between the InSight lander and NASA\u2019s Deep Space Network have been acquired for measuring the rotation of Mars. Unlike previous landers used for this purpose that utilized steerable high-gain antennas, InSight uses two fixed medium-gain antennas, which results in a lower radio signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Lower SNR results in additional thermal noise for Doppler measurements using standard processes. Through a combination of phase averaging and traditional data compression, the increased thermal noise due to low SNR can be removed for most of the signal of interest, resulting in more accurate Doppler measurements. During the first 900 days of InSight operations, Doppler measurements were improved by ~25% on average using this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14081924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Low-SNR Doppler Data Processing for the InSight Radio Science Experiment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin","family":"Buccino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Border","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Folkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9524-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Le Maistre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Observatory of Belgium, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Deep Space Network (2022, January 02). 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Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Mazarico, E., Buccino, D.R., Castillo-Rogez, J., Dombard, A., Genova, A., Hussmann, H., Kiefer, W.S., Lunine, J.I., McKinnon, W.B., and Nimmo, F. (2021, January 15\u201319). The Europa Clipper Gravity\/Radio Science Investigation. Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Online."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Moyer, T.D. (2005). Formulation for Observed and Computed Values of Deep Space Network Data Types for Navigation, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Berner, J.B., and Bryant, S.H. (2001, January 29). New Tracking Implementation in the Deep Space Network. Proceedings of the ESA 3rd Workshop on Tracking, Telemetry and Command Systems for Space Applications, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. 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