{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:05:11Z","timestamp":1768035911250,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41822504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41822504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42175099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42175099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Project of Postgraduates in Jiangsu Province in 2021","award":["KYCX21_0951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX21_0951"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The entrainment rate (\u03bb) is difficult to estimate, and its uncertainties cause a significant error in convection parameterization and precipitation simulation, especially over the Tibetan Plateau, where observations are scarce. The \u03bb over the Tibetan Plateau, and its adjacent regions, is estimated for the first time using five-year satellite data and a reanalysis dataset. The \u03bb and cloud base environmental relative humidity (RH) decrease with an increase in terrain height. Quantitatively, the correlation between \u03bb and RH changes from positive at low terrain heights to negative at high terrain heights, and the underlying mechanisms are here interpreted. When the terrain height is below 1 km, large RH decreases the difference in moist static energy (MSE) between the clouds and the environment and increases \u03bb. When the terrain height is above 1 km, the correlation between \u03bb and RH is related to the difference between MSE turning point and cloud base, because of decreases in specific humidity near the surface with increasing terrain height. These results enhance the theoretical understanding of the factors affecting \u03bb and pave the way for improving the parameterization of \u03bb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T21:37:53Z","timestamp":1651009073000},"page":"2073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Convective Entrainment Rate over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Adjacent Regions in the Boreal Summer Using SNPP-VIIRS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2022-6018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an 710016, China"}]},{"given":"Chunsong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210019, China"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aviation Meteorology, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B. 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