{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:30:22Z","timestamp":1772825422818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["202023ZDKT10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202023ZDKT10"]}]},{"name":"Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province","award":["KT201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KT201706"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluctuations in illumination are one of the major sources for SIF retrieval errors during temporal continuous field measurements. In this study, we propose a method for evaluating the quality of SIF based on simultaneous measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), which are acquired using a quantum sensor at a sampling frequency higher than that obtained using spectral measurements. The proposed method is based on the coefficient of variation (known as relative standard deviation) of the high-frequency PAR during a SIF measurement to determine the quality of the SIF value. To evaluate the method, spectral and PAR data of a healthy maize canopy were collected under various illumination conditions, including clear, cloudy, and rapidly fluctuating illumination. The SIF values were retrieved by 3FLD, SFM, and SVD. The results showed that SFM and 3FLD were sensitive to illumination stability. The determination coefficients (R2) between PAR and SIF extracted by SFM and 3FLD were higher than 0.8 on clear and cloudy days and only approximately 0.48 on the day with rapidly fluctuating illumination. By removing the unqualified data using the proposed method, the R2 values of SFM and 3FLD on the day of rapidly fluctuating illumination significantly increased to 0.72. SVD was insensitive to illumination stability. The R2 values of SVD on days with clear, cloudy, and rapidly fluctuating illumination were 0.73, 0.76, and 0.61, respectively. By removing the unqualified data, the R2 values of SVD were increased to 0.66 on the day with rapidly fluctuating illumination. The results indicated that the quality assessment method based on high-frequency PAR data can eliminate the incorrect SIFs due to unstable illumination. The method can be used to extract more accurate and reliable SIF datasets from long-term field observations for the study of the relationship between SIF and vegetation photosynthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T21:37:53Z","timestamp":1651009073000},"page":"2083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Using High-Frequency PAR Measurements to Assess the Quality of the SIF Derived from Continuous Field Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station, Baoding 072656, China"}]},{"given":"Sanxue","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Hebei Gucheng Agricultural Meteorology National Observation and Research Station, Baoding 072656, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.10.007","article-title":"Fluorescence, temperature and narrow-band indices acquired from a UAV platform for water stress detection using a micro-hyperspectral imager and a thermal camera","volume":"117","author":"Berni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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