{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T01:40:04Z","timestamp":1778809204341,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BK20211569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20211569"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["JDGA2020-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDGA2020-11"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20211569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20211569"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["JDGA2020-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDGA2020-11"]}]},{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key laboratory of General Aviation Operation technology (General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang JianDe)","award":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71731001, U1933130, 41974033, 42174025"]}]},{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key laboratory of General Aviation Operation technology (General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang JianDe)","award":["BK20211569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20211569"]}]},{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key laboratory of General Aviation Operation technology (General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang JianDe)","award":["JDGA2020-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDGA2020-11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Integration of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors to improve navigation performance, is widely used in many land-based applications. However, further application, especially in urban areas, is limited by the quality (due mainly to multipath effects) and availability of GNSS measurements, with a significant impact on performance, especially from low grade integration. To maximize the potential of GNSS measurements, this paper proposes a dual w-test-based quality control algorithm for integrated IMU\/GNSS navigation in urban areas. Quality control is achieved through fault detection and exclusion (FDE) with the capability to detect simultaneous multiple faults in measurements from different satellites. The remaining fault-free GNSS measurements are fused with IMU sensor measurements to obtain the final improved state solution. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated in a deep urban field test. Compared to the cases without fault exclusion, the results show improvements of about 24% and 30% in horizontal and vertical positioning components, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"2132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Dual w-Test Based Quality Control Algorithm for Integrated IMU\/GNSS Navigation in Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key Laboratory of General Aviation Operation Technology, General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang Jiande, Hangzhou 311612, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key Laboratory of General Aviation Operation Technology, General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang Jiande, Hangzhou 311612, China"},{"name":"CAAC Key Laboratory of General Aviation Operation, Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, Beijing 100102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhe Jiang Key Laboratory of General Aviation Operation Technology, General Aviation Institute of Zhejiang Jiande, Hangzhou 311612, China"},{"name":"CAAC Key Laboratory of General Aviation Operation, Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, Beijing 100102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Washington Yotto","family":"Ochieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, Y., Wang, J., Rizos, C., and El-Mowafy, A. 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