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Monitoring the changes in FAs over the GrIS is of great importance to evaluate the stability and mass balance of the ice sheet. This is challenging because FAs are not visible on the surface and the direct measurements are lacking. A new method is proposed to map FAs during the 2010\u20132020 period by using the C-band Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) data based on the Random Forests classification algorithm with the aid of measurements from the NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB) program. Melt days (MD), melt intensity (MI), and winter mean backscatter (WM) parameters derived from the ASCAT data are used as the input vectors for the Random Forests classification algorithm. The accuracy of the classification model is assessed by ten-fold cross-validation, and the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient are 97.49% and 0.72 respectively. The results show that FAs reached the maximum in 2015, and the accumulative area of FAs from 2010 to 2020 is 56,477 km2, which is 3.3% of the GrIS area. This study provides a way to investigate the long-term dynamics in FAs which have great significance for understanding the state of subsurface firn and subglacial hydrological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"2134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decadal Changes in Greenland Ice Sheet Firn Aquifers from Radar Scatterometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6766-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072708","article-title":"Surface Melt-Induced Acceleration of Greenland Ice-Sheet Flow","volume":"297","author":"Zwally","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124190","article-title":"The Greenland Ice Sheet and Global Sea-Level Rise","volume":"311","author":"Dowdeswell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12238","article-title":"Ice-sheet mass balance and climate change","volume":"498","author":"Hanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178176","article-title":"Partitioning Recent Greenland Mass Loss","volume":"326","author":"Bamber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158540","article-title":"Large and Rapid Melt-Induced Velocity Changes in the Ablation Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet","volume":"321","author":"Boot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14156","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212647110","article-title":"Enhanced basal lubrication and the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to future sea-level rise","volume":"110","author":"Shannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. 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