{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:10:35Z","timestamp":1760227835991,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42006005","41821004","41806040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006005","41821004","41806040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exploring the relationship between evaporation (E)-minus-precipitation (P) and sea surface salinity (SSS) is vital for understanding global hydrological cycle changes and investigating the salinity budget. This study quantifies the uncertainty in the relationship between E\u2212P and SSS based on satellite data over the 50\u00b0S\u201350\u00b0N ocean from 2012 to 2017 in 140 sets of combinations of E, P and SSS. We find that the uncertainty (10%) in the variability of freshwater flux (FWF) over 2012\u20132017 is smaller than that in SSS (15%). The difference in the combination of sets of \u201cE-P-SSS\u201d products can lead to the 10% difference in RMSD and 25% difference in area-weighted mean correlation coefficients between SSS tendency and FWF. There is a 24.1~58% area over the global ocean with a significant (p value &lt; 0.05) positive correlation between the FWF and SSS tendency derived from satellite products. The seasonal EMP and SSS tendencies show larger correlation coefficients and lower RMSDs over most sets compared with those on nonseasonal time scales. Large uncertainty in the FWF-SSS tendency relation associated with spread among products prevents the use of one combination of E, P and SSS from satellite-based products for salinity budget analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T07:08:58Z","timestamp":1651475338000},"page":"2149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing the Relationship between Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zexun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"given":"Xunwei","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.5194\/os-8-915-2012","article-title":"Characteristics of the seasonal cycle of surface layer salinity in the global ocean","volume":"8","author":"Bingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1974)004<0498:PSISSL>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Precipitation signatures in sea-surface-layer conditions during BOMEX","volume":"4","author":"Elliott","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. 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