{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T02:25:16Z","timestamp":1773455116959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["222102110038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102110038"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["222102210131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210131"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["20K12146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K12146"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","award":["B2021-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2021-19"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["222102110038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102110038"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["222102210131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210131"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["20K12146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K12146"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["B2021-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2021-19"]}]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University Doctoral Fund Project","award":["222102110038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102110038"]}]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University Doctoral Fund Project","award":["222102210131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222102210131"]}]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University Doctoral Fund Project","award":["20K12146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K12146"]}]},{"name":"Henan Polytechnic University Doctoral Fund Project","award":["B2021-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2021-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transformation of resource-exhausted urban land is an urgent problem for sustainable urban development in the world today. Obtaining the urban land use type and analyzing the changes in their land use can lead to better management of the relationship between economic development and resource utilization. In this paper, a residual-intelligent module network was proposed to solve the problems of low classification accuracy and missing objects edge information in traditional computer classification methods. The classification of four Landsat-TM\/OLI images from 1993\u20132020 for Jiaozuo city (the first batch of resource-exhausted cities in China) was realized by this method. The results (overall accuracy was 98.61%, in 2020 images) were better than the comparison models (support vector machine, 2D-convolutional neural network, hybrid convolution networks; overall accuracy was 87.12%, 96.16%, 98.46%, respectively) and effectively reduced the loss of information on the edge of the ground objects. On this basis, six main land use types were constructed by combining field surveys and other methods. The characteristics and driving forces of spatial-temporal change in land use were explored from the aspect of social, economic and policy factors. The results showed that from 1993 to 2020 the cultivated land, forest land, water body and other land types in the study area decreased by 690.97 km2, 57.54 km2, 47.04 km2 and 59.43 km2, respectively. The construction land and bare land increased by 839.38 km2 and 15.57 km2, respectively. The transfer of land use types was mainly from cultivated land to construction land, with a cumulative conversion of 920.95 km2 within 27 years. The driving forces of land use in the study area were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and regression analysis. The spatial-temporal evolution of land use types was affected by policy changes, the level of social development and the adjustment in the economy, industry and agriculture structure. The investment in fixed assets and per capita net income in rural areas were the top two influencing factors and their cumulative contribution rate was 94.62%. The findings of this study can provide scientific reference and theoretical support for land use planning, land reclamation in mining areas, ecological protection and sustainable development in Jiaozuo and other resource-exhausted cities in the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"2185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["R-IMNet: Spatial-Temporal Evolution Analysis of Resource-Exhausted Urban Land Based on Residual-Intelligent Module Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6060-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xifang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8117-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.757","article-title":"Land use change and land degradation in China from 1991 to 2001","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Land Degrad. 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