{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:40:24Z","timestamp":1773038424692,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB41000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB41000000"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["D020105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020105"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42004147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004147"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42130203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130203"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42004133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004133"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41874180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874180"]}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41774186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774186"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["XDB41000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB41000000"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["D020105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020105"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["42004147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004147"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["42130203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130203"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["42004133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004133"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["41874180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874180"]}]},{"name":"Civil Aerospace Technologies of China National Space Administration","award":["41774186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774186"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XDB41000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB41000000"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["D020105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020105"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42004147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004147"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42130203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130203"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42004133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42004133"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41874180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874180"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41774186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774186"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulation studies have proposed a significant thermal effect of water ice clouds on the Martian atmosphere and climate. However, previous studies focused more on seasonal variations but less on short-term changes. In this work, we used the MCS multi-local time data to investigate the water ice diurnal variations on Mars. We quantified its diurnal variations with amplitude and phase by applying the tidal fitting method to the water ice abundance. In addition, we found a close correlation (antiphase relation) between the thermal tide and water ice diurnal variations during the aphelion seasons that was not sensitive to both the background water ice and dust opacity but increased with the tidal amplitude. In the perihelion seasons, the antiphase relation was sensitive to the water ice and dust opacity, both affected by the dust storm activity. Finally, the statistic results suggested an unexpected low threshold of diurnal tide amplitude (2 to 3 K) for generating a relevant water ice diurnal variation, accounting for the ubiquitous water ice diurnal variations in the Martian atmosphere. These new observational results can help further understand the phase transition process between ice and vapor in the Martian atmosphere and better constrain the Martian global climate model in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"2235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diurnal Variations of Water Ice in the Martian Atmosphere Observed by Mars Climate Sounder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaopeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5100-4429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Chengyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/35084192","article-title":"Weather and climate on Mars","volume":"412","author":"Leovy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2022.104023","article-title":"Earth-like thermal and dynamical coupling processes in the Martian climate system","volume":"229","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth Sci. 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