{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T04:35:03Z","timestamp":1786163703073,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon","award":["739570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739570"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon","award":["825355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825355"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon","award":["142-451-2698\/2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142-451-2698\/2021-01"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of Vojvodina","award":["739570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739570"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of Vojvodina","award":["825355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825355"]}]},{"name":"Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research of Vojvodina","award":["142-451-2698\/2021-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142-451-2698\/2021-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Agriculture is the backbone and the main sector of the industry for many countries in the world. Assessing crop yields is key to optimising on-field decisions and defining sustainable agricultural strategies. Remote sensing applications have greatly enhanced our ability to monitor and manage farming operation. The main objective of this research was to evaluate machine learning system for within-field soya yield prediction trained on Sentinel-2 multispectral images and soil parameters. Multispectral images used in the study came from ESA\u2019s Sentinel-2 satellites. A total of 3 cloud-free Sentinel-2 multispectral images per year from specific periods of vegetation were used to obtain the time-series necessary for crop yield prediction. Yield monitor data were collected in three crop seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020) from a number of farms located in Upper Austria. The ground-truth database consisted of information about the location of the fields and crop yield monitor data on 411 ha of farmland. A novel method, namely the Polygon-Pixel Interpolation, for optimal fitting yield monitor data with satellite images is introduced. Several machine learning algorithms, such as Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Random Forest, were compared for their performance in soya yield prediction. Among the tested machine learning algorithms, Stochastic Gradient Descent regression model performed better than the others, with a mean absolute error of 4.36 kg\/pixel (0.436 t\/ha) and a correlation coefficient of 0.83%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14092256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1652052445000},"page":"2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Soya Yield Prediction on a Within-Field Scale Using Machine Learning Models Trained on Sentinel-2 and Soil Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1094-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"Pejak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Predrag","family":"Lugonja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Anti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7993-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Pani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4982-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Pand\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8068-4152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Alexakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Mavrepis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naweiluo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6683-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Marko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7144-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Crnojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022, February 08). 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