{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:18:02Z","timestamp":1760228282880,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research, U.S.A.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2486","MOST 110-2119-M-008-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2486","MOST 110-2119-M-008-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2486","MOST 110-2119-M-008-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2486","MOST 110-2119-M-008-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a multi-station and multi-instrument system, organized and proposed for ionospheric scintillation and equatorial spread-F (ESF) specification and their associated motions in the Taiwan\u2013Philippines sector, is outlined. The issues related to the scintillation and ESF event observed on 26 October 2021, at magnetic quiet conditions are presented and discussed. We first indicate the existence of a plasma bubble in the Taiwan\u2013Philippines sector by using the FormoSat-7\/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (FS7\/COSMIC2) GPS\/GLONASS radio occultation observations. We verify the latitudinal extent of the tracked plasma bubble using the recorded ionograms from the Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar located at Hualien, Taiwan. We further discuss the spatial and temporal variabilities of two-dimensional vertical scintillation index VS4 maps based on the simultaneous GPS L1-band signal measurements from 133 ground-based receivers located in Taiwan and the surrounding islands. We also operate two high-sampling, software-defined GPS receivers and characterize the targeted plasma irregularities by carrying out spectrum analyses of the received signal. As a result, the derived plasma irregularities moved eastward and northward. Furthermore, the smaller the irregularity scale, the higher the spectral index and the stronger the scintillation intensity were at lower latitudes on the aimed irregularity feature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T21:52:11Z","timestamp":1652219531000},"page":"2293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-Station and Multi-Instrument Observations of F-Region Irregularities in the Taiwan\u2013Philippines Sector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lung-Chih","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GPS Science and Application Research Center, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan 320, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan 320, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yi","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan 320, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Jun-Xian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GPS Science and Application Research Center, National Central University (NCU), Taoyuan 320, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Bullett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}]},{"given":"Chao-Han","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1982.12314","article-title":"Global morphology of ionospheric scintillations","volume":"70","author":"Aarons","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. 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