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In many cities, the effect of complex topography at local scale makes this modelling even more complicated. This is the case of mid-latitude urban areas located in typical basin topographies, which usually present low winds and high turbulence within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). This study focuses on the analysis of the first ever measurements of wind with high temporal and vertical resolution throughout the ABL over a medium-sized city surrounded by mountains in southern Spain. These measurements have been gathered with a scanning Doppler lidar system and analyzed using the Halo lidar toolbox processing chain developed at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. We have used the horizontal wind product and the ABL turbulence classification product to carry out a statistical study using a two-year database. The data availability in terms of maximum analyzed altitudes for statistically significant results was limited to around 1000\u20131500 m above ground level (a.g.l.) due to the decreasing signal intensity with height that also depends on aerosol load. We have analyzed the differences and similarities in the diurnal evolution of the horizontal wind profiles for different seasons and their modelling with Weibull and von Mises probability distributions, finding a general trend of mean daytime wind from the NW with mean speeds around 3\u20134 m\/s at low altitudes and 6\u201310 m\/s at higher altitudes, and weaker mean nocturnal wind from the SE with similar height dependence. The highest speeds were observed during spring, and the lowest during winter. Finally, we studied the turbulent sources at the ABL with temporal (for each hour of the day) and height resolution. The results show a clear convective activity during daytime at altitudes increasing with time, and a significant wind-shear-driven turbulence during night-time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"2321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Wind and Turbulence Statistics in the Urban Boundary Layer over a Mountain\u2013Valley System in Granada, Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Ortiz-Amezcua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (IGFUW), 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alod\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University Carlos III, 28903 Getafe, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3437-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti J.","family":"Manninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pyry P.","family":"Pentik\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research\/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ewan J.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Guerrero-Rascado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Alados-Arboledas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., P\u00f6rtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P.R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., P\u00e9an, C., and Pidcock, R. 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