{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:18:47Z","timestamp":1760228327385,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41674085","41874093","42074094","S21L6401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674085","41874093","42074094","S21L6401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Independent project of State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics","award":["41674085","41874093","42074094","S21L6401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674085","41874093","42074094","S21L6401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antarctic basal water storage variation (BWSV) refers to mass changes of basal water beneath the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). Identifying these variations is critical for understanding Antarctic basal hydrology variations and basal heat conduction, yet they are rarely accessible due to a lack of direct observation. This paper proposes a layered gravity density forward\/inversion iteration method to investigate Antarctic BWSV based on multi-source satellite observations and relevant models. During 2003\u20132009, BWSV increased at an average rate of 43 \u00b1 23 Gt\/yr, which accounts for 29% of the previously documented total mass loss rate (\u221276 \u00b1 20 Gt\/yr) of AIS. Major uncertainty arises from satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model, and the modelled basal melting rate. We find that increases in basal water mainly occurred in regions with widespread active subglacial lakes, such as the Rockefeller Plateau, Siple Coast, Institute Ice Stream regions, and marginal regions of East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), which indicates the increased water storage in these active subglacial lakes, despite the frequent water drainage events. The Amundsen Sea coast experienced a significant loss during the same period, which is attributed to the basal meltwater discharging into the Amundsen Sea through basal channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"2337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antarctic Basal Water Storage Variation Inferred from Multi-Source Satellite Observation and Relevant Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7485-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zizhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3189\/172756403781816130","article-title":"Basal melt beneath whillans ice stream and ice streams A and C, west Antarctica","volume":"Volume 36","author":"Raymond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Glaciology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140294","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2014.0294","article-title":"A decade of progress in observing and modelling Antarctic subglacial water systems","volume":"374","author":"Fricker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. 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