{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T10:05:12Z","timestamp":1769767512328,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA20100101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20100101"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019YFC0507404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0507404"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42101408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101408"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA20100101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20100101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC0507404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0507404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42101408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Program","award":["XDA20100101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20100101"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Program","award":["2019YFC0507404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0507404"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Program","award":["42101408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42101408"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the largest mid-to low latitude and high-altitude permafrost. Open-pit coal mining and other activities have caused serious damage to the alpine ecological environment and have accelerated the degradation of permafrost on the QTP. In this study, the influence of open-pit coal mining on the time series ground surface deformation of the permafrost in the Muli region of the QTP was analyzed from 19 January 2018 to 22 December 2020 based on Landsat, Gaofen, and Sentinel remote sensing data. The primary methods include human-computer interactive visual interpretation and the small baseline subsets interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) method. The results showed that the spatial distribution of displacement velocity exhibits a considerably different pattern in the Muli region. Alpine meadow is the main land use\/land cover (LULC) in the Muli region, and the surface displacement was mainly subsidence. The surface subsidence trend in alpine marsh meadows was obvious, with a subsidence displacement velocity of 10\u201330 mm\/a. Under the influence of changes in temperature, the permafrost surface displacement was characteristics of regular thaw subsidence and freeze uplift. Surface deformation of the mining area is relatively severe, with maximum uplift displacement velocity of 74.31 mm\/a and maximum subsidence displacement velocity of 167.51 mm\/a. Open-pit coal mining had resulted in the destruction of 48.73 km2 of natural landscape in the Muli region. Mining development in the Muli region had increased the soil moisture of the alpine marsh meadow around the mining area, resulting in considerable cumulative displacement near the mining area and the acceleration of permafrost degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1652396916000},"page":"2352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Influence of Open-Pit Coal Mining on Ground Surface Deformation of Permafrost in the Muli Region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongliang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jichun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Shengming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-6-221-2012","article-title":"Derivation and analysis of a high-resolution estimate of global permafrost zonation","volume":"6","author":"Gruber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/35073746","article-title":"Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost","volume":"410","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Zhou, Y.W., Guo, D.X., Qiu, G.Q., Cheng, G.D., and Li, S.D. 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