{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:18:56Z","timestamp":1760228336373,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field, CAS","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"B-type Strategic Priority Program of CAS","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"Joint Open Fund of Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment","award":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSBR-018","42125402","41974174","42188101","41831071","42174183","41904135","XDB41000000","YD3420002004","2008085MD113","MENGO-202209","JCKY2020210C614240301","6142403190108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study compares the hourly mesospheric horizontal winds observed by two collocated and independent low-latitude meteor radars operating at 37.5 MHz and 53.1 MHz in Kunming, China (25.6\u00b0N, 103.8\u00b0E). Upon analyzing simultaneously detected meteor echoes, we find a fixed angular deviation between the baselines of the two meteor radar antenna arrays within the east\u2013north\u2013up coordinate system. Then, we correct the deviation in the antenna azimuth direction using a novel method and recalculate the horizontal zonal and meridional winds. A comparison of the results before and after the correction shows strong consistency between the winds observed by both meteor radars within the entire detection altitude range. Furthermore, we summarize the performance of different techniques for measuring mesospheric winds. Ultimately, our statistical analysis approach allows the uncertainties associated with meteor radar wind observations to be more precisely estimated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"2354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison between the Mesospheric Winds Observed by Two Collocated Meteor Radars at Low Latitudes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3717-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2340-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ATRAD Pty Ltd., Thebarton, Adelaide, SA 5031, Australia"},{"name":"School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Kunming Electro-Magnetic Environment Observation and Research Station, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Kunming Electro-Magnetic Environment Observation and Research Station, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266000, China"},{"name":"Kunming Electro-Magnetic Environment Observation and Research Station, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingdi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiankang","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for the Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40645-015-0035-8","article-title":"The dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere: A brief review","volume":"2","author":"Vincent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40645-015-0060-7","article-title":"MF and HF radar techniques for investigating the dynamics and structure of the 50 to 110 km height region: A review","volume":"2","author":"Reid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L19801","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL039908","article-title":"On the origins of mesospheric gravity waves","volume":"36","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(01)00143-0","article-title":"Method for statistical comparison of geophysical data by multiple instruments which have differing accuracies","volume":"27","author":"Hocking","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RS5009","DOI":"10.1029\/2003RS003014","article-title":"Buckland Park all-sky interferometric meteor radar","volume":"39","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JA017976","article-title":"Tidal wind mapping from observations of a meteor radar chain in December 2011","volume":"118","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/2016RS006225","article-title":"Polar mesospheric horizontal divergence and relative vorticity measurements using multiple specular meteor radars","volume":"52","author":"Chau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5684","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JA025285","article-title":"Multiyear Observations of Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes in the Midlatitude Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region by Meteor Radar","volume":"123","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-28-1859-2010","article-title":"Climatology of northern polar latitude MLT dynamics: Mean winds and tides","volume":"28","author":"Hocking","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-35-893-2017","article-title":"A comparison of 11-year mesospheric and lower thermospheric winds determined by meteor and MF radar at 69\u00b0N","volume":"35","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL076282","article-title":"High- and Middle-Latitude Neutral Mesospheric Density Response to Geomagnetic Storms","volume":"45","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/cjg2.20138","article-title":"Observation of Upper Atmospheric Temperature by Kunming All-Sky Meteor Radar","volume":"57","author":"Yi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A05305","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JA011443","article-title":"Meteor observations using the Davis mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar","volume":"111","author":"Reid","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"McKinley, D.W.R. (1961). Meteor Science and Engineering, McGraw-Hill. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005069928850","article-title":"Meteor Phenomena and Bodies","volume":"84","author":"Ceplecha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JA025059","article-title":"Estimation of Mesospheric Densities at Low Latitudes Using the Kunming Meteor Radar Together With SABER Temperatures","volume":"123","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10027","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD021787","article-title":"The effects of deionization processes on meteor radar diffusion coefficients below 90 km","volume":"119","author":"Younger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(00)00138-3","article-title":"Real-time determination of meteor-related parameters utilizing modem digital technology","volume":"63","author":"Hocking","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RS5012","DOI":"10.1029\/2003RS003026","article-title":"Interferometric meteor radar phase calibration using meteor echoes","volume":"39","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s40623-018-0861-1","article-title":"Mesospheric radar wind comparisons at high and middle southern latitudes","volume":"70","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Planets Space"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"McIntosh, D.L. (2010). Comparisons of VHF Meteor Radar Observations in the Middle Atmosphere with Multiple Independent Remote Sensing Techniques. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Adelaide]."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7567","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-7567-2019","article-title":"Climatology of the mesopause relative density using a global distribution of meteor radars","volume":"19","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030735","article-title":"Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere","volume":"124","author":"Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1029\/95RS00644","article-title":"Comparison of simultaneous wind measurements using colocated VHF meteor radar and MF spaced antenna radar systems","volume":"30","author":"Cervera","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RS4001","DOI":"10.1029\/2004RS003102","article-title":"A comparison of mesosphere and lower thermosphere neutral winds as determined by meteor and medium-frequency radar at 70\u00b0N","volume":"40","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL017645","article-title":"Validation of imaging Doppler interferometer winds using meteor radar","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-22-3815-2004","article-title":"The Buckland Park MF radar: Routine observation scheme and velocity comparisons","volume":"22","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6826(01)00095-5","article-title":"Comparison of Na lidar and meteor radar wind measurements at Starfire Optical Range, NM, USA","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D09S02","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004486","article-title":"Comparison of meteor radar and Na Doppler lidar measurements of winds in the mesopause region above Maui, Hawaii","volume":"110","author":"Franke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020JA028802","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JA028802","article-title":"A Comparison of Fabry\u2013Perot Interferometer and Meteor Radar Wind Measurements Near the Polar Mesopause Region","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, S., Hou, X., Li, N., Yi, W., Ding, Z., Chen, J., Hu, G., and Dou, X. (2021). First Comparative Analysis of the Simultaneous Horizontal Wind Observations by Collocated Meteor Radar and FPI at Low Latitude through 892.0-nm Airglow Emission. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214337"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2354\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:10:14Z","timestamp":1760137814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14102354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14102354","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]}}}