{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:27:44Z","timestamp":1767205664441,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62172021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The construction of digital twin cities is a current research hotspot. Video data are one of the important aspects of digital twin cities, and their digital modeling is one of the important foundations of its construction. For this reason, the construction and digital analysis of video data space has become an urgent problem to be solved. After in-depth research, this study found that the existing video space construction methods have three shortcomings: first, the problem of high requirements for objective conditions or low accuracy; second, the lack of easy and efficient mapping algorithms from 2D video pixel coordinates to 3D; and third, the lack of efficient correlation mechanisms between video space and external geographic information, making it difficult to integrate video space with external information, and thus prevent a more effective analysis. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a video stereo grid geometric space construction method based on GeoSOT-3D stereo grid coding and a camera imaging model to form a video stereo grid space model. Finally, targeted experiments of video stereo grid space geometry construction were conducted to analyze the experimental results before and after optimization and compare the variance size to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1652608102000},"page":"2356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["RETRACTED: Geometric Construction of Video Stereo Grid Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huangchuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Ruoping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bot\u00edn-Sanabria, D.M., Mihaita, S., Peimbert-Garc\u00eda, R.E., Ram\u00edrez-Moreno, M.A., Ram\u00edrez-Mendoza, R.A., and Lozoya-Santos, J.D.J. (2022). Digital twin technology challenges and applications: A comprehensive review. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061335"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Sagar, M., Miranda, J., Dhawan, V., and Dharmaraj, S. (2022, April 25). The Growing Trend of Cityscale Digital Twins around the World. Available online: https:\/\/opengovasia.com\/the-growingtrend-of-city-scale-digital-twins-around-the-world\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Shang, J., and Xue, F. (2021). Regard: Symmetry-based coarse registration of smartphone\u2019s colorful point clouds with cad drawings for low-cost digital twin buildings. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13101882"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, A., Lee, K., Kim, K., and Shin, S. (2022). A geospatial platform to manage large-scale individual mobility for an urban digital twin platform. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030723"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.46.4.547","article-title":"Digital twins for cities: A state of the art review","volume":"46","author":"Ketzler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cheng, C.Q. (2012). An Introduce to Spatial Information Subdivision Organization, Science Press."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mimouna, A., Alouani, I., Khalifa, A.B., El Hillali, Y., Taleb-Ahmed, A., Menhaj, A., Ouahabi, A., and Amara, N.E.B. (2020). OLIMP: A heterogeneous multimodal dataset for advanced environment perception. Electronics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9040560"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.05.031","article-title":"Artificial intelligence enhanced interaction in digital twin shop-floor","volume":"100","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.107117","article-title":"A new way to enhance speech signal based on compressed sensing","volume":"151","author":"Haneche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahdaoui, A.E., Ouahabi, A., and Moulay, M.S. (2022). Image denoising using a compressive sensing approach based on regularization constraints. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062199"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferroukhi, M., Ouahabi, A., Attari, M., Habchi, Y., and Taleb-Ahmed, A. (2019). Medical video coding based on 2nd-generation wavelets: Performance Evaluation. Electronics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8010088"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8891449","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8891449","article-title":"Intelligent video surveillance technology in intelligent transportation","volume":"2020","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adv. Transp."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2005.27","article-title":"Camera-based calibration techniques for seamless multiprojector displays","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Sun, J., Wang, P., Qin, Z., and Qiao, H. (July, January 29). Overview of camera calibration for computer vision. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Shenyang, China."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"49","article-title":"Camera calibration: An overview of concept, methods and equations","volume":"7","author":"Saeifar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.81.2.103","article-title":"Direct linear transformation from comparator coordinates into object space coordinates in close-range photogrammetry","volume":"81","author":"Karara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shih, S.W., Hung, Y.P., and Lin, W.S. (1992). Efficient and accurate camera calibration technique for 3-D computer vision. Optics, Illumination, and Image Sensing for Machine Vision VI, International Society for Optics and Photonics.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.57975"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1109\/34.888718","article-title":"A flexible new technique for camera calibration","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Camera calibration method based on active vision","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Triggs, B. (1997, January 17\u201319). Autocalibration and the absolute quadric. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, San Juan, PR, USA."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00127813","article-title":"Using vanishing points for camera calibration","volume":"4","author":"Caprile","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.C., and Nevatia, R. (2011, January 20\u201325). Robust camera calibration tool for video surveillance camera in urban environment. Proceedings of the CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2011.5981777"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6040110","article-title":"Camera coverage estimation based on multistage grid subdivision","volume":"6","author":"Meizhen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"139","article-title":"Mutual mapping between surveillance video and 2D geospatial data","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomat. Inf. Sci. Wuhan Univ."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"96","article-title":"Research on geographic information extraction from video data","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Surv. Mapp."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Integration of GIS and video surveillance","volume":"30","author":"Milosavljevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milosavljevic, A., Rancic, D., Dimitrijevic, A., Predic, B., and Mihajlovic, V. (2017). A method for estimating surveillance video georeferences. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6070211"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Meizhen, W., Liu, X., and Wu, Y. (2017). Integration of GIS and moving objects in surveillance video. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6040094"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Fusion and visualization method of dynamic targets in surveillance video with geospatial information","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Geod. Cartogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Wu, Y.X. (2022, April 25). Research on Video Map and Its Generating Method. Available online: https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/KCMS\/detail\/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201901&filename=1018292439.n."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"102","article-title":"Mapping Satellite-1 remote sensing data organization based on GeoSOT","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"40","article-title":"True 3D data expression based on GeoSOT-3D ellipsoid subdivision","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geomat. World"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"152","article-title":"Terrain quantization model based on global subdivision grid","volume":"45","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Geod. Cartogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Yuan, J. (2017). Research on Administrative Division Coding Model Based on GeoSOT Grid. [Master\u2019s Thesis, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University]."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Research on 3D data representation based on GeoSOT-3D","volume":"51","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Peking Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Liu, J.F. (2010). Research on Digital Camera Calibration and Related Technologies. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Chongqing University]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshikawa, N. (2005, January 6\u20138). Spatial position detection of three-dimensional object using complex amplitude derived from Fourier transform profilometry. Proceedings of the Information Photonics, Optical Society of America, Charlotte, NC, USA.","DOI":"10.1364\/AOPT.2005.JWB6"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Orghidan, R., Salvi, J., Gordan, M., and Orza, B. (2012, January 9\u201312). Camera calibration using two or three vanishing points. Proceedings of the 2012 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), Wroclaw, Poland."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Kong, Y.Y. (2010). Fundamentals of Geodesy, Wuhan University Press."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/rs16132297","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000}}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2356\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T13:57:53Z","timestamp":1754229473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14102356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14102356","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]}}}