{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:49:44Z","timestamp":1770709784726,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0307"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["42071329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071329"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["XDA19070203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070203"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA19070203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK0307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0307"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42071329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071329"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19070203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070203"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ Project","award":["2019QZKK0307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0307"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ Project","award":["42071329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071329"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ Project","award":["XDA19070203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070203"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus+ Project","award":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["598838-EPP-1-2018-EL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau (QTP) is ecologically fragile and is especially sensitive to climate change. Previous studies have shown that the vegetation on the QTP is undergoing overall greening with variations along altitudinal gradients. However, the mechanisms that cause the differences in the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation greening among different types of terrain and vegetation have not received sufficient attention. Therefore, in this study, we used a Landsat NDVI time-series for the period 1992\u20132020 and climate data to observe the effects of terrain and vegetation types on the spatiotemporal patterns in vegetation greening on the QTP and to analyze the factors driving this greening using the geographical detector and the velocity of the vertical movement of vegetation greenness isolines. The results showed the following: (1) The vertical movement of the vegetation greenness isolines was affected by the temperature and precipitation at all elevations. The precipitation had a more substantial effect than the temperature below 3000 m. In contrast, above 3000 m, the temperature had a greater effect than the precipitation. (2) The velocity of the vertical movement of the vegetation greenness isolines of woody plants was higher than that of herbaceous plants. (3) The influence of slope on the vertical movement of vegetation greenness isolines was more significant than that of the aspect. The results of this study provided details of the spatiotemporal differences in vegetation greening between different types of terrain and vegetation at a 30-m scale as well as of the underlying factors driving this greening. These results will help to support ecological protection policies on the QTP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T03:20:43Z","timestamp":1652844043000},"page":"2408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characteristics of Greening along Altitudinal Gradients on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau Based on Time-Series Landsat Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2809-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo R.","family":"Huete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaogen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8456-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, Department of Geography & Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4627-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guojin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaoyun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dailiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100215","article-title":"Understanding the plant diversity on the roof of the world","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-012-1220-y","article-title":"Weather and climate effects of the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"29","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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