{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:24:40Z","timestamp":1760228680381,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies","award":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project \u201cEarth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility\u201d (EarthLab)","award":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142201","41975031","41975020","42175086","2020B1212060025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A strong convective storm is a disastrous weather system with a small spatio-temporal scale. It often occurs suddenly and can cause huge disasters. Thus, it is necessary to improve the forecast accuracy of strong convective storms. Overshooting cloud top (OT) is the product of strong updrafts in convective storms, which can penetrate the tropopause and enter the lower stratosphere. OT is closely related to severe weather and can influence water vapor transport and the material exchange between the troposphere and stratosphere. Therefore, the timely detection of OT can help improve the accuracy of forecasting. In this study, we develop a new objective OT detection algorithm based on geostationary satellite observations from 2006 to 2017. The accuracy of the new algorithm in identifying OT is verified by manually comparing it with the radar echo images and the cloud images of MODIS 250 m. Then, the OT is statistically analyzed in a long time series. It is found that OT events are mainly concentrated in equatorial and low latitude regions, with higher frequency in summer. There are obvious differences between OT events on land and sea. Additionally, this dataset also reveals the close connection between the seasonal shift of OT and the seasonal average precipitation distribution around the globe. This study provides a scientific basis for determining the geographical characteristics of OT frequency and explores the application of this OT objective detection algorithm in the operational forecast of strong convective weather. We hope this study can benefit OT monitoring in operational weather forecasting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T23:14:26Z","timestamp":1652915666000},"page":"2417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Dataset of Overshooting Cloud Top from 12-Year CloudSat\/CALIOP Joint Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaocheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2390-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites and Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2015.10.002","article-title":"Trends in weather related disasters-Consequences for insurers and society","volume":"11","author":"Hoeppe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Weather Clim. 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