{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:47:19Z","timestamp":1761061639283,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province","award":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Foundation of drought Meteorological Science Research","award":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2142208","41975016","20JR5RA121","21JR7RA698","IAM202001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impacts of climate change on ecosystem productivity and water resources over a long term in China are not well quantified. Precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) is a key parameter that describes carbon and water exchange in terrestrial ecosystems. Research on the response of regional PUE to climate change and its driving forces is of great significance to climate-change mitigation and the sustainable development of regional ecology. Based on an improved actual evapotranspiration (ETa) model, the responses of ETa, net primary productivity (NPP), and PUE to climate change in different climatic regions of China were analyzed; the contributions of various environmental factors to PUE changes were quantified; and the conversion characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the PUE regime in different climatic regions were identified. The results indicate that the improved ETa model, after considering the limiting effect of energy on ETa in humid regions, can simulate the ETa distribution in China well. Over the past 58 years (1960\u20132017), ETa and NPP have increased in the western regions and decreased in the eastern regions, with the boundary at 103\u00b0 E. PUE presents a \u201clow-high-low\u201d spatial distribution from northwest to southeast in China. It is noteworthy that there was a zonal distribution for a high value area of PUE, which coincided with the summer monsoon transition zone. The soil moisture (SM) increase in arid regions is the main driving force of the PUE increase, whereas the annual net radiation (Rn) change in humid regions is the main driving force of the PUE change. The transition zone is the conversion zone, where the prevailing factor limiting vegetation growth transitions from water to energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1653124688000},"page":"2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Precipitation-Use Efficiency and Its Conversion with Climate Types in Mainland China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Suping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China"},{"name":"College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China"},{"name":"College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianshun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jinhu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741000, China"}]},{"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-018-9363-5","article-title":"The impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: A review","volume":"62","author":"Piao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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