{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T09:31:02Z","timestamp":1778319062554,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA 5272\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA 5272\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EL 926\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EL 926\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate relevant processes as well as to predict the possible impact of soil erosion, many soil erosion modelling tools have been developed. The most productive development of process-based models took place at the end of the 20th century. Since then, the methods available to observe and measure soil erosion features as well as methods to inter- and extrapolate such data have undergone rapid development, e.g., photogrammetry, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and sediment tracing are now readily available methods, which can be applied by a broader community with lower effort. This review takes 13 process-based soil erosion models and different assessment techniques into account. It shows where and how such methods were already implemented in soil erosion modelling approaches. Several areas were found in which the models miss the capability to fully implement the information, which can be drawn from the now-available observation and data preparation methods. So far, most process-based models are not capable of implementing cross-scale erosional processes and can only in parts profit from the available resolution on a temporal and spatial scale. We conclude that the models\u2019 process description, adaptability to scale, parameterization, and calibration need further development. The main challenge is to enhance the models, so they are able to simulate soil erosion processes as complex as they need to be. Thanks to the progress made in data acquisition techniques, achieving this aim is closer than ever, if models are able to reap the benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T09:18:08Z","timestamp":1653124688000},"page":"2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Review on the Possibilities and Challenges of Today\u2019s Soil and Soil Surface Assessment Techniques in the Context of Process-Based Soil Erosion Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lea","family":"Epple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Administration Siegen-Wittgenstein, Administrative Department for Climate and Sustainable Mobility, 57072 Siegen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Schindewolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bienert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Drilling Engineering and Fluid Mining, Flow and Transport Modelling in the Geosphere, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany"},{"name":"Department Ecology and Environment, IPROconsult GmbH, 01069 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Geoecology, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2065-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anette","family":"Eltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.09.020","article-title":"Ecosystem services and agriculture: Cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits","volume":"64","author":"Swinton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. 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