{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:25:51Z","timestamp":1760228751270,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research utilized various methods for extracting soil characteristics from Landsat 8 OLI\/TIRS imagery in the Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. In this study, the Object-Based Oriented Classification (OBOC) method was used to extract information about land cover (focusing on rock outcrops) on the basis of the TGSI, NDVI, and NDBI indicators. The soil moisture information was determined by examining the correlation between the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The findings indicated that 40 locations in the study area were covered with rock outcrops, with a Kappa index of 85.10%. In addition, soil moisture varied markedly from the sandy coastal regions, urban areas, and hilly and mountainous areas on the study area\u2019s surface. The extracted soil information can serve as a foundation for local socio-economic development planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust Extraction of Soil Characteristics Using Landsat 8 OLI\/TIRS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh-Van","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Rd., Situn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-7832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tien-Yin","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Rd., Situn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yao-Min","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Rd., Situn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Chun-Tse","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Rd., Situn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3391-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Yun","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Rd., Situn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Quang","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography and Geology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue Str., Hue City 52000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Do Thi Viet","family":"Huong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography and Geology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue Str., Hue City 52000, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Ha Van","family":"Hanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography and Geology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue Str., Hue City 52000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4025-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doan Ngoc Nguyen","family":"Phong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Wide Fund for Nature Vietnam, Office in Hue, 150 Truong Gia Mo Str., Hue City 52000, Vietnam"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cataldo, E., Fucile, M., and Mattii, G.B. (2021). A Review: Soil Management, Sustainable Strategies and Approaches to Improve the Quality of Modern Viticulture. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11112359"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2111321118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111321118","article-title":"Plant biodiversity and the regeneration of soil fertility","volume":"118","author":"Furey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"People\u2019s Committee of Thua Thien Hue Province (2019). Socio-Economic Situation of Thua Thien Hue Province in 2019, (In Vietnamese)."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Djenaliev, A., and Hellwich, O. (2014, January 3\u201326). Extraction of built-up areas from Landsat imagery using the object-oriented classification method. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Applied Informatics and Related Areas, Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, Hungary."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"134","article-title":"Establishment of land cover map using object-oriented classification method for VNREDSat-1 data","volume":"61","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Min. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"38","article-title":"Generation of soil map using remote sensing and geographic information system for Malegaon watershed in Maharastra","volume":"1","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160304987","article-title":"Use of Normalized Difference Built-Up Index in Automatically Mapping Urban Areas from TM Imagery","volume":"24","author":"Zha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(85)90099-9","article-title":"Influence of Rock-Soil spectral variantion on the assessment of green biomass","volume":"17","author":"Christopher","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2013.787500","article-title":"Development of new remote sensing methods for mapping green vegetation and exposed bedrock fractions within heterogeneous landscapes","volume":"34","author":"Yue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Barredo, C.J.I. (1996). Sistemas de Informacio\u2019 Fica y Evaluation Multicriaterio en la Ordenacio\u2019 n Delterritorio, Editorial RA-MA."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2015.10.006","article-title":"Assessment of Land Cover change and Desertification using Remote Sensing Technology in a local region of Mongolia","volume":"57","author":"Lamchin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Shen, Y., and Tateishi, R. (August, January 31). Mapping Topsoil Texture in the Arid and Semiarid Region of Asia using Remote Sensing Data. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Denver, CO, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2006.629"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.11.005","article-title":"Estimation of land surface temperature\u2013vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies","volume":"89","author":"Weng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Chung, D.M. (2011). Application of Ultra-High-Frequency Spectrometer to Study the Natural Emission Spectrum According to the Biological Development Cycle of Wet Rice Fields, as a Basis for Evaluating the Yield of Some Popular Rice Varieties in the Northern Delta, Kim Dong. (In Vietnamese)."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Rouse, J.W., Haas, R.H., Schell, J.A., and Deering, D.W. (1973, January 10\u201314). Monitoring Vegetation Systems in the Great Plains with ERTS. Proceedings of the Third ERTS Symposium, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2747\/1548-1603.45.1.109","article-title":"Drought-Prone Areas of Rice Agriculture Using a MODIS-Derived Soil Moisture Index","volume":"45","author":"Parida","year":"2008","journal-title":"GIsci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"66","article-title":"A Review on Methods of Atmospheric Correction for Remote Sensing Images","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Remote Sens. Inf."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Van Cu, N. (2003). Report on the Results of the Project: Basic Investigation and Synthesis of Orientation Reports on Natural Conditions and Natural Resources in Districts of Thua Thien Hue Province, Institute of Geography. (In Vietnamese)."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Poti\u0107, I., Bugarski, M., and Mati\u0107-Varenica, J. (2017, January 20\u201324). Soil Moisture Determination Using Remote Sensing Data for the Property Protection and Increase of Agriculture Production. Proceedings of the 2017 Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington, DC, USA."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2490\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1760138206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14102490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14102490","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]}}}