{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:26:53Z","timestamp":1760228813974,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41527806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41527806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous observation of aerosols, water vapor, and clouds is conducive to the analysis of their interactions, and the consistency of observation equipment, instrument performance, and observation time is crucial. Molecular oxygen A-band (758\u2013778 nm) and water vapor absorption band (758\u2013880 nm) are two bands with similar wavelengths, and the hyperspectral remote sensing information of these two bands can be exploited to invert the vertical profile of aerosol and water vapor. In this paper, a double-grating spectrometer system (DGSS) was developed. DGSS uses a telescope system and fiber to introduce multi-angle, double-band sunlight, and it splits light synchronously (non-sequentially) to different positions of the detector through a slit plate and two gratings. The DGSS was calibrated in the laboratory and observed in the external field. The results indicated that the spectral resolution reached 0.06 nm (molecular oxygen A-band, 758\u2013778 nm) and 0.24 nm (water vapor absorption band, 758\u2013880 nm). Meanwhile, the spectra of the two bands (three angles in each band) are not aliased on the detector. Besides, the multi-angle simultaneous observation of the high-resolution spectra of the two bands is realized, which proves the effectiveness of this method. This study will provide a scientific basis for the observation of aerosol, water vapor, and cloud ground-based networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"2492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design and Verification of a Double-Grating Spectrometer System (DGSS) for Simultaneous Observation of Aerosols, Water Vapor and Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8984-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minzheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diansheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064034","article-title":"Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle","volume":"294","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50318","article-title":"Hydrological sensitivity to greenhouse gases and aerosols in a global climate model","volume":"40","author":"Samset","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. 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