{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T03:58:38Z","timestamp":1774065518126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Resources Science and Technology Program in Jiangsu Province","award":["2021021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021021"]}]},{"name":"Natural Resources Science and Technology Program in Jiangsu Province","award":["CX2021K01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2021K01"]}]},{"name":"CISPDR Corporation Open Innovation Fund Project","award":["2021021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021021"]}]},{"name":"CISPDR Corporation Open Innovation Fund Project","award":["CX2021K01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2021K01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the context of rapid urbanization, building an ecological security pattern that takes into account both ecological protection and economic growth is of great significance for guiding high-quality regional development. Taking the Hefei metropolitan area as an example, we identified the ecological source from three aspects\u2014the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, and landscape connectivity\u2014by using NPP-VIIRS night light data, impervious surfaces, and the topographical index to the rest of the landscape resistance surface, and the least cumulative resistance model to identify ecological corridors and ecological buffer zones. We then constructed a comprehensive regional ecological security pattern. The results show the following: (1) The ecological source area of the Hefei metropolitan area is 15,538.74 km2, accounting for 24.5% of the total study area. It is mainly composed of the Dabie Mountains, the Yangtze River, the Huai River, and Chaohu Lake. (2) The area of an ecological buffer zone, ecological transition zone, and development and construction zone account for 21.8%, 39.7%, and 38.5%, respectively. Among them, the ecological buffer zone serves as a protective barrier for the ecological source area; therefore, development and construction activities should be restricted. The ecological transition zone should be constructed with low development intensity, and the development and construction zone can be carried out with greater development intensity. (3) The total length of the ecological corridor is 2816.89 km, with the mainland of the corridor being cultivated land. Identified by superposition of the land use, the area of conflict of urban expansion is 305.23 km2, mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and around Chao Lake. The results may provide decision support for the construction of ecological security in the study area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"2498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Construction of an Ecological Security Pattern in an Urban\u2013Lake Symbiosis Area: A Case Study of Hefei Metropolitan Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Center for Turkmenistan Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuejing","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongxin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Suhuan Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengya","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Suhuan Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Center for Turkmenistan Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"School of Foreign Languages, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Turkmenistan Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"School of Foreign Languages, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6222-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunbo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Turkmenistan Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Spatial Planning and Human-Environment System Simulation, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2298","article-title":"Establishment of an ecological security pattern in the eastern developed regions: A case study of the Sunan District","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2022.106108","article-title":"Positive impacts of farmland fragmentation on agricultural production efficiency in qilu lake watershed: Implications for appropriate scale management","volume":"117","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"471","article-title":"Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"10","article-title":"Landscape ecological security patterns in biological conservation","volume":"1","author":"Yu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"67","article-title":"Ecological pattern recognition and protection based on circuit theory","volume":"33","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Arid Land Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"2459","article-title":"Construction of an ecological security network for waterfront cities based on MCR model and DO index: A case study of Jiujiang city","volume":"75","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acta Geogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"826","article-title":"Construction of land ecological security in Guangdong province from the perspective of ecological demand","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Construction of ecological security pattern in northern Peixian based on MCR and SPCA","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"282","article-title":"Construction of ecological security patterns based on minimum cumulative resistancemodel in Nanjing City","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bull. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"290","article-title":"Construction of ecological security pattern in Northeast China based on MCR model","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"4793","article-title":"An ecological security pattern construction method based on Apache Spark machine learning","volume":"39","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"573","article-title":"The Construction of an ecological function network and its application in the greater bay area, China","volume":"35","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"7088","article-title":"Formation and evolution mechanism of ecological security pattern in Southwest China","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"7105","article-title":"Framework of constructing multi-scale ecological security pattern in Xiongan New Area","volume":"40","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1990","article-title":"Simulation research for ecological security pattern construction based on improvement of water and air quality in Gui\u2019an New Area","volume":"38","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. China Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"14","article-title":"Urban growth boundary delimitation method integrating comprehensive ecological security pattern and urban expansion simulation\u2014A case study of planning areas in Tianshui city (2015\u20132030)","volume":"33","author":"Cong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"162","article-title":"Construction of ecological security pattern for systematic restoration of industrial and mining land in resource-based cities","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Resour."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"28","article-title":"Study on ecological safety pattern of Haitan island based on ecological service function","volume":"35","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fujian Norm. Univ."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"4546","article-title":"Urban ecological security pattern based on source-sink landscape theory and MCR model: A case study of Ningguo City, Anhui Province","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acta Sci. Circumstantiate"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"263","article-title":"Construction of county-level ecological security pattern based on ecological protection red line and network in China","volume":"36","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"8241","article-title":"Building ecological security patterns in southwestern mountainous areas based on ecological importance and ecological sensitivity: A case study of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"455","article-title":"Integrated assessment on ecological sensitivity for Shennongjia National Park","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hubei Univ."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"55","article-title":"Construction of landscape ecological security pattern of shengli coalfield in Inner Mongolia based on the minimum cumulative resistance model","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Rural Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"3375","article-title":"Construction of ecological security pattern based on boundary analysis: A case study on Jiangsu Province","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-012-0930-5","article-title":"Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in Karamay, Xinjiang, Northwest China","volume":"22","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"8","article-title":"Landscape pattern and ecosystem service function of Loess Plateau during 1990\u20132000","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Arid Land Resour. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"191","article-title":"Spatial structure and space governance of ecological network in Wuhan city","volume":"38","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"10","article-title":"China\u2018s eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity","volume":"1","author":"Ouyang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1150","article-title":"The dynamic changes of ecological security in northern China","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Konstantinos, K., and Vlassios, H. (2019). Soil Erosion: Rainfall Erosivity and Risk Assessmen, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2007.01.022","article-title":"A framework for risk assessment on soil erosion by water using an integrated and systematic approach","volume":"337","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.habitatint.2017.11.009","article-title":"Assessment on the urbanization strategy in China: Achievements, challenges, and reflections","volume":"71","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Habitat Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2019.102096","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of urbanization and impacts in the complex of Hu\u1ebf Monuments, Vietnam","volume":"112","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139057","article-title":"Urbanization and emerging economies: Issues and potential solutions for water and food security","volume":"732","author":"Kookana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Improving urban ecological security pattern based on functional nodes-key corridors: A case study of Shenzhen City","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prog. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"420","article-title":"Discussion about natural reserve and construction of national ecological security pattern","volume":"36","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"250","article-title":"Construction of ecological security patterns based on ecological red line: A case study of Jiangxi Province","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chin. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Gu, X., Liu, G., Fan, X., Zhao, Q., and Zhang, Q. (2022). Construction of regional ecological security patterns based on multi-criteria decision making and circuit theory. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030527"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"2406","article-title":"The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2498\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:17:01Z","timestamp":1760138221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/10\/2498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14102498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14102498","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]}}}