{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T20:01:11Z","timestamp":1767988871648,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary joint research program of the department of aerospace medicine, Air Force Mili-tary Medical University","award":["2021SZJC1004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SZJC1004"]}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary joint research program of the department of aerospace medicine, Air Force Mili-tary Medical University","award":["2022SF-190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SF-190"]}]},{"name":"key research and development plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["2021SZJC1004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SZJC1004"]}]},{"name":"key research and development plan of Shaanxi Province","award":["2022SF-190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SF-190"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atmospheric water vapor is one of the important parameters for weather and climate studies. Generally, atmospheric water vapor can be monitored by some techniques, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), radiosonde (RS), remote sensing and numerical weather forecast (NWF). However, the comprehensive retrieval and application of precipitable water vapor (PWV) using multi techniques has been hardly performed before, which becomes the focus of this study. A comprehensive PWV retrieval and application platform (CPRAP) is first established by combing the ground-based (GNSS), space-based (Fengyun-3A, Sentinel-3A) and reanalysis-based (the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, ERA5) techniques. Additionally, its applications are then extended to drought and rainfall monitoring using the CPRAP-derived PWV. The statistical result shows that PWV derived from ground-based GNSS has high accuracy in China, with the root mean square (RMS), Bias and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.15, 0.05 and 1.65 mm, respectively, when the RS-derived PWV is regarded as the reference. In addition, the accuracy of PWV derived from the space-based (FY-3A and Sentinel-3A) techniques technique is also validated and the RMS, Bias and MAE of a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) onboard Fengyun-3A (FY-3A) and an Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A are 4.46\/0.56\/3.61 mm and 2.95\/0.01\/1.37 mm, respectively. Then, the performance of ERA5-derived PWV is evaluated based on GNSS-derived and RS-derived PWV. The result also shows good accuracy of ERA5-provided PWV with the averaged RMS, Bias and MAE of 1.86\/0.11\/1.48 mm and 0.90\/\u22120.05\/1.51 mm, respectively. Finally, the PWV data derived from the established CPRAP are further used for drought and rainfall monitoring. The applied results reveal that the calculated the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) using the CPRAP-derived PWV can monitor the drought and the correlation coefficient ranges from 0.83 to 0.9 when compared with the SPEI. Furthermore, in this paper correlation analysis between PWV derived from the CPRAP and rainfall, and its potential for rainfall monitoring was also validated. Such results verify the significance of the established CPRAP for weather and climate studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1653362215000},"page":"2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comprehensive Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval and Application Platform Based on Various Water Vapor Detection Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6715-0877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingzhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Zufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Xi\u2019an University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAMC1920.1","article-title":"Integrated water vapor fifield and multiscale variations over China from GPS measurements","volume":"47","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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