{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:10:52Z","timestamp":1765303852826,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}]},{"name":"key projects of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}]},{"name":"Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106223","42076185","ZR2021QD059","ZR2020MD100","2020TQ0322","2022QNLM010204","MGE2021KG15","MGE2020KG04","COMS2020Q12"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Revealing the changes in the Fram Strait (FS) multiyear ice (MYI) export is crucial due to their climate relevance in the context of the loss rate of MYI being faster than that of the total ice in the Arctic. Here, we estimated winter (October\u2013April) MYI area export through the FS over the last 2 decades by using updated MYI concentration data retrieved from active and passive microwave satellite observations. We divided the period into two regimes relative to the ice index: D1 (2002\/03\u20132010\/11) and D2 (2012\/13\u20132019\/20). The observed variations of winter MYI exports D2 were compared with those of the previous decade D1. The results show that the MYI area exports display strong interannual variability. A significant decrease in MYI export for the periods between D1 and D2 is noted. On average, the wintertime MYI area exports declined sharply by 22% from 3.82 \u00d7 105 km2 in D1 to 3.00 \u00d7 105 km2 in D2. In addition, the percentage of MYI in the total sea ice outflow through the FS (PCM) also decreased distinctly from 72% in D1 to 59% in D2. Statistics show that weekly sea ice drift across the strait can explain 76% of the MYI area export variability. Furthermore, the dominant atmospheric drivers contributing to the decline in MYI area export during D2 were examined. In the last decade (D2), the strengthened low pressure in the North Atlantic sector, combined with an eastward shift in the axis of dipole anomaly (DA), resulted in reduced MYI advection from the Beaufort Sea and Siberian Coast toward the FS. Moreover, weakened cyclonic activity south of the FS also contributed to the reduction in MYI export during D2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:25:12Z","timestamp":1653956712000},"page":"2562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Satellite-Observed Substantial Decrease in Multiyear Ice Area Export through the Fram Strait over the Last Decade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yunhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D22108","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016622","article-title":"Analysis of the Arctic atmospheric energy budget in WRF: A comparison with reanalyses and satellite observations","volume":"116","author":"Porter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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