{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T19:38:56Z","timestamp":1775590736676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]],"date-time":"2022-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region Ile-de-France in the framework of the Domaine d\u2019Int\u00e9r\u00eat Majeur R\u00e9seau de recherche Qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air en Ile-de-France (DIM QI2)","award":["PNTS-2016\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNTS-2016\u201302"]}]},{"name":"Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES)","award":["PNTS-2016\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNTS-2016\u201302"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de Recherche Scientifique\u2014Institute National de Sciences de l\u2019Univers (CNRS-INSU)","award":["PNTS-2016\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNTS-2016\u201302"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC)","award":["PNTS-2016\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNTS-2016\u201302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a novel passive satellite remote sensing approach for observing the three-dimensional distribution of aerosols emitted from wildfires. This method, called AEROS5P, retrieves vertical profiles of aerosol extinction from cloud-free measurements of the TROPOMI satellite sensor onboard the Sentinel 5 Precursor mission. It uses a Tikhonov\u2013Phillips regularization, which iteratively fits near-infrared and visible selected reflectances to simultaneously adjust the vertical distribution and abundance of aerosols. The information on the altitude of the aerosol layers is provided by TROPOMI measurements of the reflectance spectra at the oxygen A-band near 760 nm. In the present paper, we use this new approach for observing the daily evolution of the three-dimensional distribution of biomass burning aerosols emitted by Australian wildfires on 20\u201324 December 2019. Aerosol optical depths (AOD) derived by vertical integration of the aerosol extinction profiles retrieved by AEROS5P are compared with MODIS, VIIRS and AERONET coincident observations. They show a good agreement in the horizontal distribution of biomass burning aerosols, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 and a mean absolute error of 0.2 with respect to VIIRS. Moderately lower correlations (0.63) were found between AODs from AEROS5P and MODIS, while the range of values for this comparison was less than half of that with respect to VIIRS. A fair agreement was found between coincident transects of vertical profiles of biomass burning aerosols derived from AEROS5P and from the CALIOP spaceborne lidar. The mean altitudes of these aerosols derived from these two measurements showed a good agreement, with a small mean bias (185 m) and a correlation coefficient of 0.83. Moreover, AEROS5P observations reveal the height of injection of the biomass burning aerosols in 3D. The highest injection heights during the period of analysis were coincident with the largest fire radiative power derived from MODIS. Consistency was also found with respect to the vertical stability of the atmosphere. The AEROS5P approach provides retrievals for cloud-free scenes over several regions, although currently limited to situations with a dominating presence of smoke particles. Future developments will also aim at observing other aerosol species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1653964206000},"page":"2582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three-Dimensional Distribution of Biomass Burning Aerosols from Australian Wildfires Observed by TROPOMI Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Farouk","family":"Lemmouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Paris Est Creteil and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, LISA, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Paris Est Creteil and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, LISA, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Eremenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Paris Est Creteil and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, LISA, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Derognat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA Technologies, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Siour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Paris Est Creteil and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, LISA, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Sellitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Paris Est Creteil and Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, LISA, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo, 95123 Catania, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sol\u00e8ne","family":"Turquety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75252 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Dung","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMD, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, CNRS, 75231 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Zoogman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Loyola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, P., Davis, S.M., Toon, O.B., Portmann, R.W., Bardeen, C.G., Barnes, J.E., Telg, H., Maloney, C., and Rosenlof, K.H. 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