{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:12:48Z","timestamp":1780384368207,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["grant # 1759715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant # 1759715"]}]},{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["07497\/2018\u22126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07497\/2018\u22126"]}]},{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["403239\/2021\u22124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403239\/2021\u22124"]}]},{"name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","award":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Technology and Science","award":["grant # 1759715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant # 1759715"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Technology and Science","award":["07497\/2018\u22126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07497\/2018\u22126"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Technology and Science","award":["403239\/2021\u22124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403239\/2021\u22124"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Technology and Science","award":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding Agency of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["grant # 1759715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant # 1759715"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding Agency of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["07497\/2018\u22126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07497\/2018\u22126"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding Agency of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["403239\/2021\u22124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403239\/2021\u22124"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding Agency of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo","award":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP 2020\/13715\u22121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hurricanes are one of the most devastating earth surface processes. In 2020 and 2021, Hurricanes Zeta and Ida pounded the Mississippi River Delta in two consecutive years, devastated South Louisiana, and raised tremendous concerns for scientists and stakeholders around the world. This study presents a high-resolution spatial-temporal analysis incorporating planialtimetric data acquired via LIDAR, drone, and satellite to investigate the shoreline dynamics near Port Fourchon, Louisiana, the eye of Ida at landfall, before and after the beach nourishment project and recent hurricane landfalls. The remote sensing analysis shows that the volume of the ~2 km studied beachfront was reduced by 240,858 m3 after consecutive landfalls of Hurricanes Zeta and Ida in 2020 and 2021, while 82,915 m3 of overwash fans were transported to the backbarrier areas. Overall, the studied beach front lost almost 40% of its volume in 2019, while the average dune crest height was reduced by over 1 m and the shoreline retreated ~60 m after the two hurricane strikes. Our spatial-temporal dataset suggests that the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority\u2019s (CPRA\u2019s) beach nourishment effort successfully stabilized the beach barrier at Port Fourchon during the hurricane-quiescent years but was not adequate to protect the shoreline at the Mississippi River Delta from intense hurricane landfalls. Our study supports the conclusion that, in the absence of further human intervention, Bay Champagne will likely disappear completely into the Gulf of Mexico within the next 40 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T02:30:06Z","timestamp":1653964206000},"page":"2598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Nature versus Humans in Coastal Environmental Change: Assessing the Impacts of Hurricanes Zeta and Ida in the Context of Beach Nourishment Projects in the Mississippi River Delta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0554-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Cancela Lisboa","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, Bel\u00e9m 66077-530, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-2198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kam-biu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0133-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Vivan","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, Bel\u00e9m 66077-530, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, Bel\u00e9m 66077-530, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03906","article-title":"Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years","volume":"436","author":"Emanuel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Blake, E.S., Landsea, C., and Gibney, E.J. (2022, April 27). 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