{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T18:01:02Z","timestamp":1762624862159,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0325936C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0325936C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preview measurements of the inflow by turbine-mounted lidar systems can be used to optimise wind turbine performance or alleviate structural loads. However, nacelle-mounted lidars suffer data losses due to unfavourable environmental conditions and laser beam obstruction by the rotating blades. Here, we apply proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to the simulated line-of-sight wind speed measurements of a turbine-mounted scanning lidar obtained from two large eddy simulations. This work aimed at identifying the dominant POD modes that can be used to subsequently derive a reduced-order representation of the turbine inflow. Secondly, we reconstructed the data points lost due to blade passage by using Gappy-POD. We found that only a few modes are required to capture the dynamics of the wind field parameters commonly used for lidar-assisted wind turbine control, such as the effective wind speed, vertical shear and directional misalignment. By evaluating turbine-relevant metrics in the time and frequency domain, we found that a ten-mode reconstruction could accurately describe most spatio-temporal variations in the inflow. Furthermore, a modal interpretation is presented by direct comparison with these wind field parameters. We found that the Gappy-POD method performs substantially better than spatial interpolation techniques, accurately reconstructing up to even 50% of missing data. A POD-based wind field reconstruction offers a trade-off between wind field reconstruction techniques requiring flow assumptions and more complex physics-based representations, offers dimensional reduction and can overcome the blade passage limitation of nacelle-mounted lidar systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T08:01:18Z","timestamp":1654243278000},"page":"2681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lower Order Description and Reconstruction of Sparse Scanning Lidar Measurements of Wind Turbine Inflow Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anantha Padmanabhan","family":"Kidambi Sekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ForWind, Institue of Physics, University of Oldenburg, K\u00fcpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-8847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijn Floris","family":"van Dooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ForWind, Institue of Physics, University of Oldenburg, K\u00fcpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Rott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ForWind, Institue of Physics, University of Oldenburg, K\u00fcpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0506-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ForWind, Institue of Physics, University of Oldenburg, K\u00fcpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Rettenmeier, A., Martin, K., Schlipf, D., Kapp, S., Anger, J., Bischoff, O., Hofs, M., Hofs\u00e4\u00df, M., K\u00fchn, M., and Rettenmeier, A. 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