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In order to accurately identify the urban centers of the Guangdong\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), this study firstly fused nighttime light data, POI data, and population migration data based on wavelet transform, then identified the polycentric spatial structure of the GBA by carrying out cluster and outlier analysis, and evaluated the level of different urban centers byconducting geographical weighted regression analysis. Using data fusion, we identified 4579.81 km\u00b2 of the urban poly-center area in the GBA, with an identification accuracy of 93.22%. Although the number and spatial extent of the identified urban poly-centers are consistent with the GBA development plan outline, the poly-center level evaluation results are inconsistent with the development plan, which shows there are great differences in actual development levels among different cities in the GBA. By identifying and grading the polycentric spatial structure of the GBA, this study accurately analyzed the current spatial distribution and could provide policy implications for the GBA\u2019s future development and planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14112705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T09:42:32Z","timestamp":1654335752000},"page":"2705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Identification and Evaluation of the Polycentric Urban Structure: An Empirical Analysis Based on Multi-Source Big Data Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Analysis, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6848-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Xinjiang\u2019s Historical and Cultural Tourism, College of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107858","article-title":"Exploration of Coupling Effects in the Economy\u2013Society\u2013Environment System in Urban Areas: Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration","volume":"128","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. 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