{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T16:37:06Z","timestamp":1771691826311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42104014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104014"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XAB2021YN26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB2021YN26"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["SKLGED2022-3-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGED2022-3-3"]}]},{"name":"Western Youth Scholar Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42104014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104014"]}]},{"name":"Western Youth Scholar Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XAB2021YN26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB2021YN26"]}]},{"name":"Western Youth Scholar Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["SKLGED2022-3-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGED2022-3-3"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics","award":["42104014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104014"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics","award":["XAB2021YN26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XAB2021YN26"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics","award":["SKLGED2022-3-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGED2022-3-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the completion of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3), the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Precise Point Positioning Service Signal PPP-B2b (Version 1.0) was officially announced, and BDS-3 officially broadcast PPP-B2b correction to broadcast ephemeris through geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites to provide precise point positioning services for users in the Asia\u2013Pacific region. This study comprehensively analyzes the application of the PPP-B2b product to time transfer and positioning. On a daily basis, the PPP-B2b positioning accuracy after convergence is calculated using the four ionosphere-free (IF) combinations in static and simulated kinematic modes: BDS B1I\/B3I, BDS B1C\/B2a, BDS B1I\/B3I + GPS, and BDS B1C\/B2a + GPS. Observations of time laboratories including the National Time Service Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NTSC) and the Telecommunication Laboratories (TL) are employed to conduct zero-baseline common clock difference (CCD) time comparison experiments and long-baseline time comparison experiments using the PPP-B2b product and the GBM product. The results indicate that the PPP-B2b position accuracy in static mode by only BDS is 1.5\/2.7\/3.9 cm, and by GPS + BDS is within 1.5\/2.5\/3.5 cm in North, East, and Up directions, respectively. Regarding simulated kinematic PPP-B2b, the average root mean square (RMS) values of the position errors in the North, East, and Up directions for the combination of BDS B1I\/B3I + GPS and BDS B1I\/B3I are 3.4\/5.8\/7.6 cm and 3.8\/6.6\/7.8 cm, respectively. Simultaneously, the average RMS values of position errors using BDS B1C\/B2a + GPS and BDS B1C\/B2a are 3.6\/4.9\/8.1 cm and 4\/6.1\/8.5 cm. In the time comparison study, the results of zero-baseline CCD using the PPP-B2b product and the GBM product are within the fluctuation range of 0.1 ns, respectively. Particularly, the long-baseline time comparison difference between results employing the PPP-B2b product and the GBM product is within the range of \u00b10.5 ns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Analysis of BDS-3 PPP-B2b Positioning and Time Transfer Service"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaimin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Langming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongwei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth\u2019s Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8335-321X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"China Satellite Navigation Office (2022, April 24). 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