{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T03:05:11Z","timestamp":1776481511704,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"USGS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA2000371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA2000371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Earth-imaging satellites commonly acquire multispectral imagery using linear array detectors formatted as a pushbroom scanner. Landsat 8, a well-known example, uses pushbroom scanning and thus has 73,000 individual detectors. These 73,000 detectors are split among 14 different focal plane modules (FPM), and each detector and FPM exhibit unique behavior when monitoring a uniform radiance value. To correct for each detector\u2019s differences in sensor measurement, a novel technique of relative gain estimation that employs an optimized modified signal-to-noise ratio through a 90\u2218 yaw maneuver, also known as side slither, is presented that allows for both FPM and detector-level relative gain calculation. A periodic model based on in-scene FPM corrections was designed as a go-to model for all bands aboard Landsat 8. Relative gains derived from the side-slither technique and applied to imagery provide a visual and statistical reduction in detector-level and FPM-level striping and banding in Landsat 8 imagery. Both reflective and thermal wavelengths are corrected to a level that rivals current operational methods. While Landsat 8 is used as an example, the methodology is applicable to all linear array sensors that can perform a 90\u2218 yaw maneuver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T23:55:24Z","timestamp":1655078124000},"page":"2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Relative Radiometric Correction of Pushbroom Satellites Using the Yaw Maneuver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Begeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Helder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6135-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chase","family":"Pinkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NASA (2022, January 21). The Worldwide Reference System, Available online: https:\/\/landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov\/about\/the-worldwide-reference-system\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United States Geological Survey (2022, January 21). Landsat 7 (L7) Data Users Handbook, Available online: https:\/\/prd-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/assets\/palladium\/production\/atoms\/files\/LSDS-1927_L7_Data_Users_Handbook-v2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"United States Geological Survey (2022, January 21). Landsat 8 (L8) Data Users Handbook, Available online: https:\/\/d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/assets\/palladium\/production\/s3fs-public\/atoms\/files\/LSDS-1574_L8_Data_Users_Handbook-v5.0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Hillen, F. (2022, January 21). IGF Studenprojekt. Available online: http:\/\/www.florianhillen.de\/studium\/projekt\/index.php?id=grundlagen&uid=sensoren."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesta, F. (2015). Relative Radiometic Characterization and Correction of the Landsat 8 OLI Using the OnOrbit Side-Slither Maneuver. [Master\u2019s Thesis, South Dakota State University].","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70100430"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10286","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110286","article-title":"Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Design, Characterization and Performance","volume":"6","author":"Knight","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12275","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61212275","article-title":"Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager Radiometric Calibration and Stability","volume":"6","author":"Markham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Shrestha, A.K. (2010). Relative Gain Characterization and Correction for Pushbroom Sensors Based on Lifetime Image Statistics and Wavelet Filtering. 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