{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:49:41Z","timestamp":1760143781905,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia","award":["2021ZD0015","41807525","31971466","32001214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0015","41807525","31971466","32001214"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0015","41807525","31971466","32001214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0015","41807525","31971466","32001214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Northern China\u2019s agropastoral ecotone has been a key area of desertification control for decades, and digital maps of its soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are needed to reveal the gaps between the actual SOC levels and baseline to support land degradation neutrality (LDN) under the Sustainable Development Goals. However, reliable soil information is scarce, and accurate prediction is hindered by the fragmented landscape, which is a dominant characteristic of desertified land. To improve the patchiness identification and accuracy of SOC prediction, we conducted field surveys and collected low-altitude aerial images along the desertification degrees (severe and extremely severe, moderate, slight) in the Horqin Sandy Land. Linear regressions were performed on the relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index and the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) extracted from aerial images, and regression kriging was applied to predict SOC stocks based on the soil-forming factors (vegetation, climate, and topography). Our prediction and cross-validation showed that the fragmented structure and prediction accuracy of SOC stocks were both greatly improved for desertified land. The FVC (R2c = 0.94) and evapotranspiration (R2c = 0.86) had significant positive effects on SOC stocks, respectively, with indirect and direct causal relationships. Our results could provide soil information with better patchiness and accuracy to help policymakers determine the future LDN status in this fragmented desertification landscape. As drone technology becomes more available, it will fully support digital mapping of soil properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1655157638000},"page":"2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Based on Aerial Photography in a Fragmented Desertification Landscape"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangwen","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Gansu Monitoring Center for Ecological Resources, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2999-9818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2017.10.011","article-title":"Land in balance: The scientific conceptual framework for Land Degradation Neutrality","volume":"79","author":"Cowie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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