{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:11:57Z","timestamp":1775916717161,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERANet Joint Call 2016\u20132017","award":["01DN19032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01DN19032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Documenting temporal trends in the extent of ecosystems is essential to monitoring their status but combining this information with the degree of protection helps us assess the effectiveness of societal actions for conserving ecosystem diversity and related ecosystem services. We demonstrated indicators in the Tropical Andes using both potential (pre-industrial) and recent (~2010) distribution maps of terrestrial ecosystem types. We measured long-term ecosystem loss, representation of ecosystem types within the current protected areas, quantifying the additional representation offered by protecting Key Biodiversity Areas. Six (4.8%) ecosystem types (i.e., measured as 126 distinct vegetation macrogroups) have lost &gt;50% in extent across four Andean countries since pre-industrial times. For ecosystem type representation within protected areas, regarding the pre-industrial extent of each type, a total of 32 types (25%) had higher representation (&gt;30%) than the post-2020 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) draft target in existing protected areas. Just 5 of 95 types (5.2%) within the montane Tropical Andes hotspot are currently represented with &gt;30% within the protected areas. Thirty-nine types (31%) within these countries could cross the 30% CBD 2030 target with the addition of Key Biodiversity Areas. This indicator is based on the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) and responds directly to the needs expressed by the users of these countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1655257194000},"page":"2847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Conserving Ecosystem Diversity in the Tropical Andes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5869-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Comer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NatureServe, Boulder, CO 80305, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2690-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9796-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Acosta-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Cordoba. C.U. Rabanales, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Pasaje Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Quito 170505, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4627-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Bonet Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Cordoba. C.U. Rabanales, 14014 Cordoba, Spain"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Claros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Boliviana para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Conservaci\u00f3n de Ecosistemas Andino-Amaz\u00f3nicos (ACEAA-Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica), Calacoto Calle 16 #8230, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Cuenca Amaz\u00f3nica\u2014ACCA, Calle Vargas Machuca 627, Miraflores, Lima 15047, Peru"}]},{"given":"Franciscio","family":"Dallmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA"}]},{"given":"Enrique Yure","family":"Domic Rivadeneira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Calle Pedraza #344 Zona Irpavi, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NatureServe, 2550 South Clark St. Suite 930, Arlington, VA 22202, USA"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Josse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n EcoCiencia, San Ignacio E12-143 y Humboldt, Edificio Carmen Lucia Department 1 (Sector Gonz\u00e1lez Su\u00e1rez\u2014Norte de Quito), Quito 170517, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8854-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indyra","family":"Lafuente Cartagena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Boliviana para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Conservaci\u00f3n de Ecosistemas Andino-Amaz\u00f3nicos (ACEAA-Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica), Calacoto Calle 16 #8230, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Langstroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 43611 Hetrick Ln, South Riding, VA 20152, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8009-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Larrea-Alc\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Boliviana para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Conservaci\u00f3n de Ecosistemas Andino-Amaz\u00f3nicos (ACEAA-Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica), Calacoto Calle 16 #8230, La Paz, Bolivia"},{"name":"Herbario Nacional de Bolivia (LPB), Instituto de Ecologia (IE), Universidad Mayor de San Andres (UMSA), Casilla 10077, Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Masur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9267-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Morejon Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n EcoCiencia, San Ignacio E12-143 y Humboldt, Edificio Carmen Lucia Department 1 (Sector Gonz\u00e1lez Su\u00e1rez\u2014Norte de Quito), Quito 170517, Ecuador"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1099-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laetitia","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Conservaci\u00f3n, Estaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Do\u00f1ana, Am\u00e9rico Vespucio n\u00b0 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-2780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidney","family":"Novoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Cuenca Amaz\u00f3nica\u2014ACCA, Calle Vargas Machuca 627, Miraflores, Lima 15047, Peru"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Prieto-Albuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Pasaje Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Quito 170505, Ecuador"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Rey Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Marcos F.","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Boliviana para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Conservaci\u00f3n de Ecosistemas Andino-Amaz\u00f3nicos (ACEAA-Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica), Calacoto Calle 16 #8230, La Paz, Bolivia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-7496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Zambrana-Torrelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/35002501","article-title":"Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities","volume":"403","author":"Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Anderson, E.P., Marengo, J., Villalba, R., Halloy, S., Young, B., Cordero, D., Gast, F., Jaimes, E., and Ruiz, D. 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