{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:55:11Z","timestamp":1769277311218,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41590843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TZ0122001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TZ0122001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GY0221L08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY0221L08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Typical Coastal Zone Ecological Restoration Technology and Policy Research","award":["41590843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590843"]}]},{"name":"Typical Coastal Zone Ecological Restoration Technology and Policy Research","award":["TZ0122001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TZ0122001"]}]},{"name":"Typical Coastal Zone Ecological Restoration Technology and Policy Research","award":["GY0221L08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY0221L08"]}]},{"name":"Construction of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Science and Integrated Management","award":["41590843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590843"]}]},{"name":"Construction of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Science and Integrated Management","award":["TZ0122001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TZ0122001"]}]},{"name":"Construction of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Science and Integrated Management","award":["GY0221L08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GY0221L08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urbanization has a significant influence on precipitation, but existing studies lack the spatial and temporal heterogeneity analysis of its impact on precipitation in urban areas at different levels. This study investigates the spatial heterogeneity of precipitation and the influencing factors on six dimensions in 156 urban areas in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2018, utilizing a mixed-methods analytical approach. The results show that the change in the natural factor layer caused by urbanization was the most important factor, affecting urban precipitation variation in summer and over the whole year, accounting for 34.5% and 10.7%, respectively. However, the contribution of the urban thermal environment in summer cannot be ignored, and the change in the urban thermal environment caused by human activities in winter is an important influencing factor. When considering the optimal combination of factors, relative humidity was shown to be significant in the spatial variations in precipitation during summer, which contributed 26.2%, followed by human activity as indicated by night-time light intensity. Over the whole year, aerosol optical depth makes the substantial contribution of 21.8% to urban precipitation change. These results provide benchmarks for improving the adaptability of urban-environment change and urban planning in the context of urbanization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14122880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1655466344000},"page":"2880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dominant Factors in the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Change in the Beijing\u2013Tianjin\u2013Hebei Urban Agglomeration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Feili","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5875-5009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ze","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiashu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dahai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD029718","article-title":"Regional patterns of extreme precipitation and urban signatures in metropolitan areas","volume":"124","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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